Af^le and Peach Tree Borers. 303 



they will not improbably require an occasional root pruning. The duke 

 and morello classes are more easily managed, and naturally take the 

 form of bushes, and it is therefore best to grow them as such. They 

 should be headed down to the point where it is desired that they should 

 branch, and four or five of the best branches pi^oduced should be selected 

 and the others rubbed oft'. Any which grow stronger than the others 

 may be pinched, and the next spring all may be shortened to produce 

 secondary branches, and so on until the tree is formed, keeping it open 

 so as to admit light and air. The Late Duke is particularly eligible for 

 growing in this form, and is moreover one of the finest of cherries. 

 The Black Tartarian, though belonging to the class of heart cherries, 

 is, from its peculiar growth, which is of the form known among orchard- 

 ists as " besom-headed," or broom-shaped, is better grown as a bush 

 than as a pyramid. With every species and variety the natural habit 

 must be taken into account, and the best results will be produced when 

 the tree is pruned in conformity with it. No two varieties of any fruit 

 are exactly alike in growth, and the young cultivator must not expect 

 that he can cast his Downtons in the same mould with his Black Eagles. 

 Nor are we vain enough to suppose that in these, and our previous arti- 

 cles on dwarf trees, vs^e have taught how to form perfect dwarfs of any 

 kind at the first attempt. Our aim has been rather to state as concisely 

 as possible the principles through which this result may ultimately be 

 reached by the careful and observant cultivator, and we trust that all 

 owners of small gardens will at least find in them some hints to aid in 

 keeping their trees within the limits adapted to their grounds, and under 

 better control. 



APPLE AND PEACH TREE BORERS. 



By M. B. Bateham, Painesville, Ohio. 



The apple tree borer referred to by J. M. B., of Qtiasqueton, Iowa, 

 in the May number of the Journal, is evidently not the insect commonly 

 described under that name in the books and periodicals, — the Saperda 

 bivittata^ — but a much more troublesome and more common pest, 

 especially in the West and South-west. It is the larva of a beetle of the 

 Buprestis family, the Chrysobothris femorata* It differs from the 



* See articles in Practical Entomologist, vol. ii., and figures and descriptions by Mr. Ruthven, of I*emi- 

 eylvania, in Patent OflSce Report for 1861. 



