Culture of the Grape in Cities. 



295 



When trimmed back in the fall, what is left of these canes are called spurs ; 

 and they may be left with one fruit-bud on them, or more, so as to pro- 

 duce, on each, two bearing canes, or one and two alternately, or only one 

 on each : and the variety thus afforded by intelligent trimming adds to the 

 gracefulness and beauty of the vines. Till the vine has acquired its full 

 size and vigor, it were better, however, to trim for one cane only ; but the 

 spurs must be left by two or three buds longer than above directed until 

 the winter has passed, or the ends may be killed back by the intensity of 

 the weather, and the buds destroyed. 



Midway between the three vines of the first course, two others grow, 

 numbered four and eight. These are carried perpendicularly to the second 

 course, and occupy twenty feet of that, leaving five faet at each end un- 

 covered. These five lower vines have the advantage of those designed for 

 the upper courses, in being trained perpendicularly to the points where they 

 part into the permanent arms ; as, by this arrangement, the sap flows with 

 equal facility into each of the arms, and neither obtains an undue share of 

 the vitalizing fluid to the detriment of the other. 



It is necessary, for several reasons, that the vines on the upper half of 

 the trellis should be placed immediately over those on the lower ; and we 



