294 USTILAGINEAE. 



Ust. grammica V>. et B. is re])orted on hauluis of Aira and (Jii/ceria 

 in England. 



Ust. echinata Schroet. i)roduces sniut-strips on leaves of Phalarix 

 arundinacea. (U.S. Amer.) 



Ust. cynodontis Henn. On Cijnodon Dactylon from Simla. 



Ust. arundinellae Eief. On Arundinella near Calcutta. 



Ust. aristidae-cyanthae Bref. On Aristida cyantha from Himalaya. 



Ust. coicis Bref. On Coi.v lacryma from Simla. 



Ust. esculenta Henn.^ causes deformation of plants of Zizania latifolia 

 in Tonquin and Japan. The deformed parts are eaten, while the spores 

 are used for dying of hair and eye-brows, as well as in the manufacture 

 of a varnish. 



Ust. paspalus-dilatati Henn. On Paspalvs dilatatvs. 



Ust. olivacea D. C. frequents species of Cari\r. The olive- 

 brown spore- masses hang loose and fleecy from the destroyed 

 ovary. The spores, according to Brefeld, are produced from 

 long hyphae which become thickened at intervals and broken 

 up by cross-septa into portions corresponding to the future 

 spores. The hyphae, however, are not completely given up to 

 spore-formation, but parts remain and form fine filaments which 

 give the fleecy appearance to the ruptured ovaries. Germina- 

 tion in water results in the formation of a single conidium, a 

 second being rarely formed. In nutritive solutions similar 

 conidia are produced one after another successively, and sprout 

 off conidia in a yeast-like manner without the formation of pro- 

 mycelia. On failure of nutriment, hyphae are finally produced. 



Ust. Vuijkii Oudem. et Beyerk. The ovaries of Luzula 

 campestris become filled with spores, some colourless, some 

 light-brown. The spores germinate in water, giving four-celled 

 promycelia with ovoid conidia, which do not, however, coalesce 

 or develop further, even in nutritive solutions. 



Ust. capensis Bees. In fruit of Juncas. 

 Ust. luzulae Sacc. In fruit of Luzula. 



Ust. scabiosae (Sow.)- (f/si!. /oscw/orM7M Tub). (Britain.) The 

 anthers of Knaiilhi and Scahiosa attacked by this fungus become 

 filled with a flesh-coloured to violet spore-powder, and swell 

 to little sacs. The flowers otherwise are but little altered. 

 Brefeld found that spores from Knaiitia arvensis germinate 

 easily and abundantly in water, and produce promycelia con- 



^ P. Henniugs, Hedwirjia, 1895; Miyuhe, Tohio Botanical Magazine, 1895. 

 2 Fischer v. Waldheim, Bof. Zeitnng, 1867. 



