X.ITUR/: 



Mav 



J ^95 



UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL 

 INTELLIGENCE. 



CambrhXJE. — The prcliminarj' rcsiilutions in referciici: to thr 

 admission of graduates of other U Diversities to courses of adraiiced 

 study and research were |xussed /;<•///. con. by the Senate on April 

 25. The Syndicate for the pur|X)se will now proceed to frame 

 the detailed regulations for carrying the scheme into effect. 



An Kxhibition of fifl) guineas a year for three years is offered 

 liy the Clothworkers" Comixiny for the encouragement of I'liysical 

 Science. Candidates must be non-collegiate students of one 

 term's standing, or persons not yet in residence who propose to 

 liecome non-collegiate students next October. The examination 

 will l)e held next July. Information as to conditions, iS;c., may 

 lie obtained from the Censor, l''itzwilliam Hall, Cambridge. 



SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES. 



I'ARIS. 

 Academy of Sciences, .^pril 22. — M. Marey in the chair. — 

 On the effects of the air carried below, without gyration, in the 

 interior of teinix.-sts. water-s|K>uts, and tornados, by M. H. Faye. 

 The author show s that water-s|X)uts are of the same type ;vs, though 

 on a smaller .scale than, cyclones and typhoons. He illustrates 

 by an ex|x:rinient the character of the air-niovenients in the ca.se 

 of a water-sixmt. A gyratory movement at the ba.se of a cloud 

 causes the formation of a descending cone which has no effect 

 liclow until the apex reaches the ground or water, when the air 

 from above airried down in the centre of the cone escapes with 

 violence in every direction. The phenomenon consists then of 

 an interior comparatively calm core, down which proceeds air 

 from the upper regions, and this is surrounded by a shell of cloud 

 having a rapid rotatory motion. The analogy of the air-move- 

 ments in cyclones and typhoons is brought out by a detailed | 

 consideration of (l) a storm encountered by the corvette I' liffW. I 

 (2) a typhoon which |)a.s.sed centrally over Manilla Observ,itory 

 on Octot)er 20, 18S2. The calm colunm in the latter case was 

 much hotter (11°) and drier than the surrounding shell of storm ; ' 

 the direction and force <» the wind, temperature, and humidity 

 were continuously registered, and completely bear out the 

 explanation advanced. — On a new type of wells in the granitic 

 nicks of Sweden, by M. Nordenskiold. These arc artesian 

 welLs bored to a depth of from 30 to 50 metres in solid 

 crystalline rocks in the hope of meeting with water coming i 

 through lu>ri/.ontal cracks exiK-cted to occur in the ma.ss 

 owing to the variations of temperature suffered by the , 

 surface |Xirtions. Such cracks supplying sweet water have 

 invariably l>een encountered at a depth of 33 to 35 metres. — On 

 a new de|K>.sit containing uranium, by M. Nordenskiold. A 

 uraniferous substance giving nitrogen (sc-e " Notes,'" p. 8). 

 Crystals forming at the Ixittom of a .s(jlution of greater specific 

 gravity than themselves, by M. Lecixj de Boisbaudran. The 

 inverse effect to that previously described by the author, where 

 substances were shown to cr)'.stallise under .some circumstances 

 al the lop of solutions of less specific gravity than the crystals. 

 (Crystals of sixlinm sulphate, floating on a solution of sodium 

 iixlidc saturated with the sulphate, gradually disap|x;ared, re- 

 rry.stallising arouml a sulphate crystal previously fixed at the 

 liottom of the .solution. The same |ihenomenon occurs with ice 

 in a flilute aminoniacal solution. 'J'his action depends on small 

 temperature variations, as previously explained. — livery alge- 

 braical surface may be described by means of an arlii:ulated 

 sy.stem, by M. (1. Ko'nigs. — On curves of the fourth cla.ss, by 

 .M. Georges llumlxirt.^On the dilatation of water, by M. 

 .Slephane de l.«annoy. The author discusses the dilatometer 

 method of taking the ex|>ansion of water, and tabulates l\js 

 results with three in.struments. A l.ible is then given comparing 

 the r '■ - with Koselti's values, and with the correspond- 

 ing ' .dculaled from these values for the .same lem- 

 licr.i' 'I'- air-thermometer. — Sjx'cific heat and boiling- 

 (Xiinl of carbon, by M. J. Viollc. Above looo" C. the mean 

 ••(iccific heat of graphite increases linearly with the lemperalurc, 

 ihu* — Co = 0'355 + o'oooo6/. 2050 calories arc given up by i gram 

 of graphite on c«Miling from the volatilisation temperature to o". 

 The tem|x:ralure of ebullition mu.st therefore be 3600' C. — ICIeclric 

 resistance at the I 'intact of two iiielals, by M. Kdouard Uranly. 

 It is shown that certain pairs of metals, such as copper zinc. 

 have no contact rcistance, wherets other pairs, lead-aluniiniuni. 

 lead-iron, tin-aluminium, tin-iron, bismuth-iron, bismuth-alu- 

 minium for instance, have an electric contact resistance. -On 

 an optical melhiKl nf studying alternating currents, by M. J. 



NO 1.^31. Vol,. 52 1 



Pionchon. — On photography in natural colours, by the indirect 

 method, by MM. Auguste and Louis I.innicre. Several negatives 

 are jireparetl with differently colouretl screens, and each is used 

 to print off in a layer of the approiirialely tinted birhromated- 

 gelatine. — Molecular rotation and molecular deviation, by M. 

 I'll. A. Guye. — On some derivatives of quinone-diorthoamido- 

 benzoicacid, CcHjO.lNH.CoHj.COoH);, by M.M. J. Ville and 

 Ch. Astre. — Remarks on the pars iiilcrimdiix of Weisberg, 

 by M. A. Cannicu. — On the absorbent power of the bladder in 

 man, by MM. A. Pous.son and C. Sigalas. Healthy vesical 

 epithelium is impermeable in general, but absorption may take 

 place ( I) when the subject with a healthy bladder requires tn 

 void its contents, tile urine llien liathing the prostatic jxirtion i>t 

 the urethra ; (2) when the vesical epithelium is altered. — On the 

 .seat of the colouration of brown oysters, by M. Joannes Chat in. - 

 On the presence of a diastase in J'/h.c cassis, by M. (5. Gouirand. 

 Erratum. — In the last report, p. 622, line 19 from bottom of 

 second column, "left-handed'' curves should read " skew " cur\'es. 



BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, and SERIALS RECEIVED. 



Hooks. — .'\Ti;ilcsdi;l Mu>eo dc la PhUa. PalcoiuoIoKia Argentina, ii. and 

 iii. tConlribulions to a Knowledge of ihf Ft>ssil Vertebrates of .\rgentina) : 

 R. Lydckkcr (l.a Plaia).— A M,-umal of Forcstr> : Prof. W. Schlich. Vol. 3 : 

 Forest Management (Hradhnr\->. — Organic Chemistry : Prof. 1. S. Scarf 

 (Collins). 



PA^M'llLK■rs.— Catalogue of the Michigan Mining School, 1892-4 (Hough- 

 ton). — City and Guilds of lAindon Institute Report, March (l.ondon).— An 

 Historical and Descriptive .\ccount of the Vicld Columbian Museum 

 (Chicago).— Sixty-third .\nnnal Report of the Royal Zoological Society of 

 Ireland (l)uMin).— Science and .\rl Museum. Dublin, Art and Industrial 

 I>e]iartment. Collection of Weapons. Jtc, chiefly i'rom the South Sea 

 Islands, deposited in the Museum Dy the Hoard of Trinity College, Dublin, 

 July 1894 (Ilublin).— On the Relation of Disc.-ises of the Spinal Cord to the 

 histribiition and lA-sions of the Spinal Blood-Vessels iDr. R. T. Williamson 

 (Ixiwis). — The Federated Institution of Mining Kngineers. Report of the 

 Proceedings of the Conference on Inland Navigation, liirmiiigham, February 

 12. 1895 (Newcastle-upon-Tyne).— Teinperaturmaalinger. i. Lofoten, 1891- 

 189s (Christiania, Werner). 



Skriai-S. — Mitlheilungen der Hamburger .Siernwarte. Nos. 1 and a 

 (Hamburg).- English Illustrated Magazine, May (Strand). -I.onEman's 

 .Mag.azine, May (Longmans).— Good Words. .M.ay(Isbister).—Sund.ay Maga- 

 zine. M.-iy(I»bister).— Quarterly Review. April (Mlirray).--.\inerican Journal 

 of Mathematics, April (Baltimore), — London Catalogue of British Plaiit>. 

 l'.irt I, 9th edition (Bell).— Journal of the Institution of Electrical Kngineers, 

 April (Spon). —Journal of the Royal Microscopical SiKiety, April (Williams),— 

 Bulletin of the .\merican Museum of Natur.il History, Vol. 6, 1894 (New 

 Vork).— Natural Science. M.ay (R.ait).— Century M:i);.'uiile, May (Unwin).— 

 Contemporary Review, May (Ishister). — National Review, May (Arnold), 



CONTENTS. PAGE 



The Book of the Dead t 



The Pollination of Flowers. By H. H. D. . 

 Our Book Shelf:-- 



limilc Levier. " A travels le Caucasc. Notes et Im 



pressions d'un Hotanisle. ' H. R. M 3 



Murche : " .Science Readers "' > 



Letters to the Editor: — 



Origin oflheCullivaledt'inenina. W. T. Thiselton- 



Dyer, C.M.G., F.R.S 3 



The Unil of Ileal. Dr. J. Joly, F.R.S 4 



The .Study of l!arlh<|uakes in the .South-Knst of Kurope. 



Charles Davison 4 



rniforinilarianisni in Geology-. — Dr. Alfred R. Wal- 

 lace, F.R.S 4 



Research in ICducation. D. S. T. Grant 4 



A Lecture F.xperimenl. C.J.Woodward 5 



Vitality of Seeds. liy W. Bolting Hemsley. F.R.S. . 5 

 Terrestrial Helium (?). liy Prof. W. Rams.iy, F.R.S. ; 



J. Norman Lockycr, C.B., F.R.S 7 



Notes .X 



Our Astronomical Column: — 



.Saturn's Kings ' I 



.Search I'.pliemeris for Comet 1K84II. . 11 



The I laiuburg Observatory ir 



111.- laic M. Troi.velol 11 



The Suns Place in Nature. V. (Illush-alfd.) HyJ. 



Norman Lockyer. C.B., F.R.S 12 



The Rarer Metals and their Alloys, (///ii^lriilfil.) Uy 



Prof. W. C. Roberts-Austen, C.B., F.R.S 14 



The Institution of Mechanical Engineers 18 



The Royal Commission on Tuberculosis 19 



The Geological Development of Australia 20 



University and Educational Intelligence . • . . . 24 



Societies and Academies 24 



Books, Pamphlets, and Serials Received 14 



