588 



A' A TURE 



[October io, 1895 



(second ediuon) of lordans " Cours d Analyse de K-colc 1 o y- 

 technique," which "is devoted to the integral calculus, tu y 

 analyses its contents, and pronounces it to be "a sul>stantially 

 new contribution to mathematical literature." '• Irom begmning 

 to end the reader feels that he is being guided by a master-hand. 

 —Prof. E. Hastings Moore writes on a theorem concernmg 

 /(-rowed characteristics with denominator 2 (of Prym's " L nter- 

 suchuncen uber die Kiemann'schc Thetaformel und die 

 Kiemann-sche Chaiakteristikentheorie," lS82).-A note on the 

 Transitive Substitution Groups of degree I2, by Ur. t.-. A. 

 Miller, mentions that Cimille Tordan in the CompUs rmdiis 

 (vol Iwv. p. 1757^ states that there are /Ar<v pnmitive groups ot 

 degree 12, e.vcluding the groups which contam the alternating 

 group. Dr. Miller has found four multiply transitive primitive 

 groups of this degree, excluding the two groups containing the 

 alternating group. The proof is given in the present note. 



a double night ascension (balloon) made on September 4, by MM. 

 G Mermiti and Be-sanc,on. Two balloons made voyages from 

 Paris in opposite directions, starting at the same time. The 

 currents observed and used are de.scribed, together with details 

 of the voyages. 



BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, and SERIALS RECEIVED. 



Bo«ws.-.\ Hand-book 10 the liirds of Great Britain : I>r. R. B- ^lY>n>^ 

 vol. 2 (.Mien). -Climbing in the British Isles: W. P. H. htnith and H. C. 

 Hart n. Wales .and Ireland (l.onKn>an.).-Pracllc-il Proofs of Chemical 

 l.aws: V. Cornish (Longmans). -.\n Introduction to the Study ol Sea- 

 weeds : G. Murray lM.icmill.w). -Catalogue of the Library of the Ro>-al 

 cSgraphical Sociity : Dr. H. R. Mill {Murr.ay).-pyn.im.cs : Prof. P. G 

 tS (Black).-Farm Foods, or the Rational Feednig of K;trm .\mn als . 

 P?of E. V. Wolff, translated by H. H. Cousins (Gurney -The Gold Mines 

 of°heR.->nd: F.H. H.atch .■>„d J. ■'V- Chalmers {Macm.llan).-The Fau. a 



SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES. 



I'.\RIs. 



Academy of Sciences. September 30.— M. -■X.. Cornu in the 

 chair— The Perpetual Secretar)' read a letter from M. J. B. 

 Pasteur, announcing the death of his father, Louis l'.isteur, who 

 died at Villeneuve-rttang (Garches), on .September 28, 1895. 

 M A Cornu then expressed the deep feeling of loss in the 

 \(^demy, and recalled the greatness of the work accomplished 

 i,y P,-isteur. As a mark of respect and sorrow the Academy 

 adjourned after receiving the correspondence.— Remarks on 

 the subject of Lord Salisbur>'"s discourse "on the real limits ot 

 Mur science," by M. Emile Blanch.ird. The author recalls his 

 work in contradiction to the theory of the origin of species 

 atlvanccd by Darwin, and maintains that no single instance ha.s 

 ever Ix-cn brought forward in answer to his challenge which can 

 lie held to verily the assumption that one species may be iiro- 

 duccd from another by any form of selection.— On glycosuria 

 following ablation of the p.ancreas, by M. R. Lepine, 1 he 

 sugar contents of the urine have l>een determined, and glycosuria 

 traced during the first thirty hours, operating on dogs without 

 the use of an;esthetics or morphine.— A study of the 

 mechanical theory of heat, by M. Ch. Brun, has been printed 

 in the correspondence.— The evaporation of liquids and the 

 great capillary theories, by NE G. \an der Mensbnigghe. Most 

 liquids evaporate siwntaneously in the air. The consequences 

 follow: (I) The liquid layer whence particles are continually 

 Ixring detached to form va|»ur cannot have the same density as the 

 lifiuid in the interior of the mass, otherwise there would be an 

 abrupt passage from the liquid state to vapour ; it must, therefore, 

 be admitted that the density of the sujwrficial layer decrea.scs 

 towards the exterior. All capillary theories, supposing luiuids 

 incompressible (Laplace), or of the same density throughout 

 (Gauss), are therefore inadequate. (2) When the mass con- 

 sidered is very small (bubbles, liquid films), evaporation causes 

 loss of a perceptible fraction of the total weight. Hence capil- 

 lary theories regarding a liquid mass as having an invariable 

 volume (Poisson) must be condemned. (3) The constant 

 renewal of the free surface of the superficial layer proves, with- 

 out pos.sible doubt, that this layer is not in equilibrium. What 

 confidence can then he placed in the theories of Laplace, Gauss, 

 and Poisson, and the works of contemporary analysts (N<;umann, 

 Malhieu, Van der VVaals, Resal, and Poincare), who formally 

 suppose a liquid mass in equilibrium ? After calling attention 

 t<. the defects of former theories, the author quotes his own 

 theory, derived from a consideration of molecular Rirccs, as 

 giving a sufficient explanation of these consequences. --On a new 

 nilrogcnou'i manure, calcium cyanate, by ^E Caniillc raiire. It 

 is asserted that calcium cyanate can lie produced in large 

 quantity in the electric furnace by healing lime and chartroal 

 intensely in -'■ .■...-.■here of nitrogen, and oxidising the product 

 |,y air T ontains a greater proportion of assimilable 



nitrogen 1 ; . and can be used as a manure.— Syntheses 



Jnr means of cyanacetic esters, by NE T. Klobb -Constitution 

 of acids pr.Kluccd in the oxidation of inactive campholenic acid.s, 

 by M. A. Behal. The .irid C„n„,04 is dis.symmctric (hmclhy - 

 .succinic acid; the .nri.l C.ll|,*>i 's one of the two (hnielhyl- 



..1 ....I i.,vingthc two methyls attached to the same cartxm 



C(),IEC(CII,)^CII,.CIIrCO,H. The author 



i.)r his work against that of Tiemann.— On the 



effect* of llic »yno<lic and anomalistic revolutions of ihc moon on 



the distribution nf prcMurcs in spring, by M. A. Poincart.— On 



NO. 1354, VOL. 52] 



of British India, including Ceylon and Burma ; Birds, Vol. 3 . W. T. Blan 

 ford (Taylor and Francis).-Popular History of .\nimals for \ oung P^P'' • 

 u t\K„„„ (r.,....llV- Moral Pathology : Dr. .4. E. Giles (Sonnenschein). 



hington (S.P.C.K.).-Simpl 

 J. .\. Bower (S.P.C.K.).- 



H Schc'rren (C;issell).— Moral Pathology : Dr. .-i. E. C.iles (So: 



-The Splash of a Drop: Prof. .\. M. \Vorthington_(S.P.C.K._).-Sm,ple 



Methods for detecting Food .\dulter.nion : 



Scientific Foundations 01 .-xnui) ii,.... ^..^.....-.. j . - ■- - ■ „ 



Wted by Dr. G. M'Gowan (Maciuill.in).-The t'"""'"-"-- .»f ^'^" :..''';'*• 

 Wieder^heim, transU-ued by H. :ind M. B^nard (M.acmillan).--\Veather 

 i and Dise-ase: A. B. .MacDowall (Graphotone Comp.any).-01d F.arm 

 Fairies : H. C. McCook (Hodder and Stoughton). 



PAM|.HLETS.-Les Eimites .\ctuelles de Notre Science : M.irqi..s de 

 S.aliCburl'NranslatedbyW. de Fonvielle (Par s, (3authier-V ilLars) -Rcac- 

 Tio ! : R Pearson (Reeves).-Guide to the Collections of Rocks and K>ssds 

 elonging to the Geological Survey of Ireland: A. McHcnry and W. W. 

 Wats (Dublin Thorn) -A Supplement to a Revised Account of ■! e.Ex- 

 pe;?menu made with the Bashfor.h Chronograph.: F.Ba-shforth (Cambridge 

 L^^^ivetSity Press).-Lin Brauner Tschimpanse im Dresdner Zoologischen 

 "arten: A. B. Meyer (Berlin, Friedlander). ,„ , j,ri • 



SER"A.i.-Journal of the Roy.al Agricultural Society of tng and, Vol vi. 



or-Mrt" J u-,. . „f pi^ntc ■ W.>rn>>r niirt Oliver. Part »o 



K-StS'of-;;;:; H^;,;^7sir l^:'?. Ba;i, par. ■. (C-sellV . 

 cTscl.es Notizblatt , Heft =(Berlin, Haack).-Bulletin de 1 .\c.adimie Royale 

 de^ Scienc^ de Belgi.,ue, 65= Annie, No. 8 (Br..xelles).-American 

 Naturalist October (Philadelphia). -Annals of Scottish Natural History, 

 October (Edinburgh, DouRlas).-Memo.rs .and Proceedings of the Man- 

 d^ester Literary and Philosophical Society, Vo . 9, No. 6 M,anchesler).- 

 Science Progress, October (Scientific Press).-lllustrated Archaeologist and 

 RdiquarV. 5clolUr(Bemrose).-Tr.avaux de la Soc,«t6 des Nalural.stes de 

 St. Pitetsbourg, Vol. xxiii. (St. P^tersbourg). 



567 



Maria M. 



CONTENTS. PAGE 



Liebig. By W. A. T S^S 



The Selection of Health Resorts 500 



Our Book Shelf:— ,. 



Iknry: '• Abr.;gt.' de la Theorie des I'onctions Ellip- 



tiques."— H. F. Baker 



Letters to the Editor:— „ , . _ o „ 



Clausius' \irial Theorem.— Prof. A. Gray , S. H. 

 Burbury, F.R.S. ; Robert E. Baynes . . . 

 llultons "Theory of the Earth." Frank D. Adams 

 Abnormal Atlantic Waves. -James Yate Johnson . 

 Leaf-absorption. -G. Paul; W. Botting Hcmslcy, 



p j^ g^ ... 



Tertiary Eossil Aiits in the Isle of Wight. -P. B. 



Brotiie i, " «' ^ 



The Normal School at Paris. By R. A. Gregory 

 The '■ Gemini " Disaster. (llliislralfd.) By 



Oeilvie, D.Sc , ■ 



The Late Professor Hoppe-Seyler. By Dr. Arthur 



Gamgcc, F.R.S 



The Funeral of Pasteur 



Notes 



Our Astronomical Column: — 



Measurement of Planetary Diameters 



The Craters on the Moon 



Suggestion for .\sironomical Research 



Anthropology at the British Association 



Mechanics at the British Association 



Botany at the British Association 



Science in the Magazines • ■ -. 



University and Educational Intelligence 



Scientific Serials 



Societies and Academics .....■• 



Books, Pamphlets, and Serials Received .... 



568 

 569 

 569 



569 



570 

 570 



573 



575 

 576 

 579 



579 

 579 

 579 

 580 

 581 

 584 

 586 

 587 

 587 

 588 

 588 



