40 The Higher Usefulness of Science 



much of the individual's chemico-physical constitution ; 

 and finally, (6) the demonstration by anthropology in 

 all the human species so far rigorously investigated, of 

 the whole range of attributes, physical and spiritual, 

 that are most characteristic of the species. These 

 achievements of science I count not necessarily as the 

 most important from all points of view, but only from 

 their bearing on the problem of the fundamental unity 

 or, as it seems to me better expressed, integratedness, 

 of the individual man; and of the fundamental inte- 

 gratedness of the species man with nature generally. 



(1) Let gravitation stand as the type of physical 

 integration, and let us remember that we have abso- 

 lutely no experimental ground on which to base a 

 speculation as to how any one of the myriads of bodies 

 in the universe would behave were it entirely alone. 

 The very terms in which the law is stated imply at 

 least two bodies without an intimation that either is 

 more important, more ancient or more causal than 

 the other. Each not only moves but exists in virtue 

 of the existence of the other. And do not neglect to 

 notice that a man is no less subject to the law than is 

 any other body. 



(&) The law of conservation practically implies 

 transformation coextensively with conservation. It 

 would be meaningless without transformation. Evo- 

 lution, taken in the most general sense, is but another 

 form of statement of the laws of transformation and 

 conservation. Gravitation is a universal law of sus- 



