10 The Higher Usefulness of Science 



nificant, than any doctrine of origination which has 

 so far gained a dominating influence has taken into 

 account. Integration is a term that has come much 

 into use in my scientific thought and speech. It has 

 become for me a complement, a constitutive antithesis, 

 as I often express it, of differentiation. But differenti- 

 ation has been the well-nigh sole conception of most 

 evolutionary thinking up to now. Indeed, in many 

 minds evolution appears to be nearly if not quite 

 synonymous with differentiation. Hence the inade- 

 quacy of the doctrines. They wholly neglect or grossly 

 slight one half of the process which nature actually 

 employs in organic creation. 



Assuming my main contention to be right, then the 

 most superficial humanistic thinker will see that it is 

 sure to be important for mankind. For is not the 

 problem of the relation among men the very founda- 

 tion of all social and political and moral theory and 

 practice? What subject has occupied more of men's 

 thought and feeling in these later decades especially, 

 than that of combination, of cooperation, of unification 

 in almost all the activities of civilized life? But if it 

 turns out that some of the basal principles of such 

 unification are embedded so deep in the nature of the 

 living world and of man that they can be brought into 

 light only through the most painstaking searches by a 

 considerable number of persons who devote their whole 

 lives to such pursuits, is it not probable that no matter 

 how simply and lucidly these principles are stated, they 



