108 The Higher Usefulness of Science 



logues," I call synoptic classification, and remind the 

 reader that such classification rests upon synoptic de- 

 scription. The other sort of classification, said by 

 Huxley to be of "perennial importance, because the 

 construction of it is the same thing as the accurate 

 generalization of the facts of form," I call analytic 

 classification, and ask the reader to note that it rests 

 on analytic description, just as synoptic classification 

 rests on synoptic description. And here I must state 

 that analytic description and classification will include 

 considerably more, as I use them, than was included by 

 Huxley in his second sort of classification. 



In order to bring into clearer view the close kinship 

 between the biological and the logical aspects of our 

 subject, we shall so choose our language as to fix atten- 

 tion quite as much on the meaning of the names used, 

 as on the natural objects to which the names are 

 applied. 



If any one is disposed to shy at the proposal thus to 

 connect biology with logic, he may be reminded of a 

 dictum of one of the most famous and also the most 

 objective of biologists, Cuvier. "In order to name 

 well, you must know well," said the father of compara- 

 tive anatomy. The import of this straightforward 

 statement is that natural science deals with natural 

 objects and that the names of these objects are the 

 instruments by which the work is done. As a specu- 

 lator, Cuvier did not escape the common weakness of 

 the class, that of permitting Ideas so to intrude them- 



