Place of Definition, etc., m Philosophical Biology 113 



ample, the style of engine or carburetor or magneto; 

 while on the other hand we know with equal certainty 

 that freckles are vitally related to, indeed are wholly 

 dependent upon, various other attributes, notably the 

 attribute known as complexion, which again is vitally 

 related to the blood system, and so on. 



There are few, if any, points at which biology is more 

 at sea than in this very matter of the factual and 

 logical, i. e., the objective and subjective relation of the 

 attributes or traits of organisms to one another and 

 to the whole. 



We now return to the problem of defining the word 

 man. By the time any normal child is four or five 

 years old he is in possession of the raw materials of a 

 fairly comprehensive and entirely reliable description, 

 a less extensive, but still unequivocal, definition, and the 

 first of the essentials of a classification of man. He 

 positively knows some of the attributes which distin- 

 guish a man from a house or a rock; some of those 

 which distinguish him from a tree; probably some of 

 those which distinguish him from a fly; probably, too, 

 some of those which distinguish him from a chicken; 

 and almost certainly some of those which distinguish 

 him from a dog, a cat, a cow, and a horse. In a word, 

 he has the raw material for the synoptic description 

 and classification of man; that is, for the synoptic 

 meaning of the word man. 



Attention should here be called to the fact that the 

 synoptic classification of man as elementary biological 



