Horses^ ZthntSj and Tiii'irs. 407 



my Oj)inion, follow that the occurrence of horaes of theso 

 colours in any locality or breed justifies, without further 

 evidence, the belief tluit intermixture of strains has taken 

 place. 



Although true dun — that is to say, cream-brown or fawn — 

 is at least as pale a shade as chestnut, there is no reason to 

 regard it as indicating incipient albinism, as is the case with 

 chestnut, because the mane and tail and hoofs are typically 

 black. The lower parts of the legs are also blackish and 

 very trequently show transverse stripes. There is also 

 usually a black spinal 8trij)e extending from the mane to the 

 tail, and not uncommonly a dark stripe or stri|)es across the 

 shoulders and elsewhere. To this colour some of Prjevalsky's 

 horses closely approximate, and it is believed by Prof. Ewart 

 to have been the colour of a stout wild forest horse of Scandi- 

 navia and other parts of Western Europe, the domestic repre- 

 sentative of which he has identified as the typical Equua 

 calxiUus of Linnajus *. 



As regards greys and whites, the latter may be set aside 

 at once as deviations from the primitive style of colouring, 

 because outside arctic and subarctic latitudes so few species of 

 mammals are perennially wiiite that it may be confidently 

 assumed no wild species of horse was ever of that conspicuous 

 colour. Greys with white manes and tails may be also dis- 

 regarded as albinistic. But dappled greys with black or 

 mostly black manes, tails, and " points" are more deserving 

 of attention, because, in the first place, horses that are true 

 to this type do not show convincing si<;ns of albinism and 

 because, in the second place, they possess a very definite 

 pattern. 



As has been very well known for many years, domestic 

 horses are marked with patterns of two kinds, namely stripes 

 and dapples. Stripes, which are more usually present in duns 

 than in horses of other breeds, although tiiey are sometimes 

 seen in bays and chestnuts, are obviously comparable to the 

 stripes of asses, both African and Asiatic. The stripe most 

 commoidy developed is the spinal. Next in order of frequency 

 are short stripes on the legs, especially across and above the 

 knees and hocks. Now and again also there are one or 

 more stripes on the shoulder and adjacent part of the neck, 

 and sometiines narrow stripes on the head resembling in 

 general arrangement those of some zebras. In dun horses 



• Tr. Highland and Apric. Soc. Scotland, pp. 32 38 (1904). Prof. 

 Ewart does not, however, now think that the namt- caballm should bo 

 tixed to this horse. 



