130 Mr. C. T. Regan on the 



line interrupted. Vertebrae 23 (10-13+ 10-13) ; praecaudals 

 •with parapopliyses from the seventh or eighth; last 2 to 4 

 pairs of ribs on parapopliyses. 



All the genera have a well-developed mesopterygoid. 

 Nandus has 3 or 4 anal spines, a very small patch of teeth 

 on the parasphenoid just in front of the upper pharyngeals, 

 13 + 10 vertebrae, and no subocular shelf. 



Polycentrus and Polycentropsis have numerous anal spines, 

 no parasphenoid al teeth, and 10+13 vertebras. In Poly- 

 centrus the subocular shelf is narrow, in Polycentropsis it is 

 a triangular lamina. Monocirrus is allied to Polycentrus. 



Fam. 47. Hoplegnathidse. 



Probably related to the Lutianidae and Lethrinidae, from 

 which they differ especially in that the mouth is non- 

 protractile, the raaxillaries are firmly attached to the prae- 

 maxillaries, and the teeth are fused to form a beak, much as 

 in the Scaridae. Praemaxillary rami short ; maxillary with 

 a large posterior expansion just below its palatine articula- 

 tion ; palatine normal. Subocular shelf developed forward 

 from the second suborbital, but mainly internal to the first. 

 Gill-membranes broadly united, but free from the isthmus. 

 Pelvic fin with a scaly axillary process. Vertebrae 25 

 (10 + 15); praecaudals with par apophyses from the fourth ; 

 ribs, except the first, inserted on parapopliyses. 



Fam. 48. Cichlidae. 



Fins usually as in the Serranidae and other generalized 

 Perciformes. A single nostril on each side; lower pharyn- 

 geals attached hy their inner edges or united by suture; no 

 subocular shelf. 



Fam. 49. Cepolidae. 



Body very elongate and strongly compressed ; no lateral 

 line. Dorsal and anal very long, without spinous rays, con- 

 nected with the reduced caudal, of about 10 rays ; pelvics 

 scarcely in advance of the pectorals, each of a spine and 

 5 branched rays, without axillary process. Two nostrils on 

 each side. Mouth protractile, terminal, oblique ; jaws 

 normally formed; maxillary exposed, without supramaxillary; 

 villiform teeth in the jaws; palate toothless. Gill-mem- 

 branes not united, free from the isthmus; 6 branchiostegals; 

 4 gills ; pseudobranchiae present. Subocular shelf absent 



