VALUE OF A KNOWLEDGE OF ENTOMOLOGY 7 



affect vegetables are wirewornis, white grubs and their parents 

 the May and June beetles, leaf-beetles, flea-beetles, pea and 

 bean weevils, blister beetles, bill-bugs and other snout-beetles. 

 Lepidoptera {Butterflies and moths). — This order consists of 

 insects having four membranous wings covered with more or 

 less minute overlapping scales. The mouth-parts of the 

 adults are formed for sucking, but the larvae (called cater- 



Fig. 9.— Cabbage looper iAutographa brassicse). a, Male moth: b, egg; c, 

 caterpillar; d, pupa in cocoon, a, c, d, One-third larger than natural: b, more 

 enlarged, (a, c, d, after Howard; b, Chittenden, U. S. Dept. Agr.) 



pillars, "worms," etc.) have well-developed chewing mouths. 

 The Lepidoptera are of about equal importance with the 

 Coleoptera or beetles as pests. 



Examples of noxious forms that are destructive to vegetable 

 crops are found in the cutworms, army worms, webworms, 

 cabbage and tomato worms and various caterpillars. The cab- 

 bage looper is shown in figure 9 in its four principal stages. 



