INSECTS INJURIOUS TO CELERY, PARSNIPS, ETC. I79 



Destruction of stored carrots. — Where carrots are stored for 

 winter use in earth they should be treated to destroy the larvae 

 or puperia. This may be accomplished by burying the earth 

 deeply; by spreading it in thin layers where it will be exposed 

 to the elements ; by throwing it into pools where it will be 

 frozen; or by exposing it to heat or steam in any convenient 

 manner. 



Treatment of celery beds. — As this insect also infests celery, 

 that crop should not follow carrots (nor carrots celery) in 

 rotation. Clean farming should be practiced, which includes the 

 destruction of remnants after the crop has been harvested. 



After harvest, it would be a good plan to give celery fields 

 a raking or cultivating of sufficient depth to expose the larvae 

 or puparia to frost ; early the following spring, before the flies 

 issue, if the earth be plowed deeply, it will have the effect of 

 destroying such insects as have not been killed by frost and 

 survive cultivating and raking. 



The Celery Caterpillar (Papilio polyxencs Fab.). — Because of 

 its large size and brilliant colors, both as larva and adult, this 

 is one of the best known of the enemies of celery and allied 

 plants. The caterpillar is green, or yellowish, and ringed with 

 black and spotted with yellow. It attains a length of two inches. 

 The parent insect is known as the black swallow-tail. It is 

 velvet black, relieved by yellow bands in the male. The hind- 

 wings are ornamented on the interior margin by eye-like mark- 

 ings like those of the peacock and the wings terminate in 

 the tails from which it derives its common name. The female 

 is somewhat faded black and of more sombre appearance than 

 her mate. The wing expanse is about three inches. The 

 chrysalis is dull gray, mottled with dull brown. It measures a 

 little less than one and one-fourth inches. The celery cater- 

 pillar is one of the most interesting insects that attack garden 

 plants. It appears to be limited to no special life zone, occur- 

 ring throughout Canada and every State and Territory in the 



