Xll CONTENTS 



PAGE 



Birch and Poplar 2 1 r 



Old Field 215 



Methods of Handling the Forest 216 



Spruce Slope 217 



Spruce Flat 220 



Swamp 222 



Hardwood 223 



Old Field Spruce 226 



Birch and Poplar 228 



Planting 231 



Avoiding Waste in the Woods 232 



Logging Methods 235 



Market Conditions 242 



Industries 243 



Pulpwood 243 



Lumber Industry . . 245 



Special Woodworking Industries 248 



Summer Resort Business 249 



Character of the Land and Timber Ownership 251 



Forest Protection 



Forest Fires . 



253 

 254 



Methods of Fire Protection 257 



Fighting Fires 261 



Protection against Grazing Animals 262 



Protection against Insects 262 



Protection against Fungi 263 



Watershed Protection 263 



Summary 264 



Chapter XIV. The Northern Hardwoods Region 265 



General Considerations 265 



Forest Types 269 



Hardwood 269 



Swamp 272 



Birch and Poplar 272 



Old Field Hardwoods 273 



Old Field Conifers 274 



Methods of Handling the Forest 276 



Hardwood 277 



Swamp , 283 



Birch and Poplar 283 



Old Field Hardwoods 284 



Old Field Conifers 285 



Logging Methods 285 



Market Conditions 287 



Industries 288 



