78 



FORESTRY IN NEW ENGLAND 



M\l 



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Fig. 27. — A cleaning. The stand contains white pine 5-8 years old, overtopped by gray 

 birch 6-10 years old. The gray birch should be cut out or lopped back. Two older 

 white pines (18 years of age) forming "advance growth" should also be cut, as they will 

 produce knotty lumber and suppress several most promising trees. 



To be out. 

 100 yt-ars of age- 



9?%maa-. I l..oX^>?y;>?$'^^?l^^ 



Fig. 



- A liberation cutting in which the young stand has not yet been seriously affected 

 by the overtopping trees. 



Fig. 29. — A liberation cutting in a middle-aged stand, where the crowns are ab-eady de- 

 formed by the large trees which should be at once cut to prevent further injury. 



