220 



FORESTRY IN NEW ENGLAND 



which, in the very steepest regions and farther from markets, 

 often may be impracticable. 



Some stands in the spruce slope type have a full reproduction 

 already on the ground when cut. This reproduction may be 

 either spruce or balsam, but is apt to contain more balsam than 

 spruce. Usually there is some spruce with the balsam. In such 



By permission of the U. S. Forest Service. 



Fig. 76. — Pure stand of conifers cut over twice in twenty years and still in good growing 



condition. On the right is a stump of the first cutting and in left center one of the 



second cutting. 



stands, where reproduction is already present, the cutting can 

 remove all the trees of merchantable size and allow the repro- 

 duction to develop. 



Spruce Flat. — The forest of the spruce flat type is apt to be 

 more uneven-aged and to contain a greater number of species 

 than that of the spruce slope. In places where the soil is rocky 

 and shallow, there may be considerable danger of windfall; and 



