THE SPRUCE REGION 233 



"waste in the woods," and then attention given to improving 

 the woods work so that this waste is eliminated. 



The terms "avoidable" and "unavoidable" waste might be 

 employed to advantage; their use being illustrated by the follow- 

 ing example: On very steep slopes it is often necessary in re- 

 moving the big trees to cut all the young growth, so that the logs 

 may be rolled down to the log road. Here the difficulties of 



By permission of the U . S. Forest Service. 



Fig. 82. — Old field spruce type, just after a strip thinning. Looking obliquely across 

 the strips. The trees have not been trimmed as yet nor the logs taken out. 



logging prevent the saving of the young growth, and its destruc- 

 tion cannot be charged as avoidable waste. On level land 

 the big trees could be felled and snaked out without serious 

 injury to the surrounding young growth, and there destruction 

 of the young growth is plainly avoidable waste. 



Of course, every timber owner desires to prevent all "avoid- 

 able" waste. If he is not now doing so it is largely through 

 ignorance of the loss, so far as merchantable material is con- 



