238 



FORESTRY IN NEW ENGLAND 



each tree and the logs must be rolled down short distances to 

 main skidding trails. This results in the destruction of young 

 growth between the tree and the skidding trail. 



Fig. 85. — Old field spruce type. .Stand 5 yuars after thinning. In wet soil windfall 

 is apt to occur. All the thrown trees in this picture are dead ones except i live 

 7-inch tree. 



Under the most adverse conditions, however, the use of horses 

 and hand labor is far superior from a silvicultural standpoint 

 to the use of machinery such as steam skidders and cable sys- 

 tems, in removing the logs from the stump to the yards. 



Where the yarding is done with machinery the logs have to be 



