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FORESTRY IN NEW ENGLAND 



Another way in which the silvicultural conditions of sugar- 

 maple groves may be improved, is by leaving the edges of the 

 stand (when making a thinning), very dense, wherever it is 



Fig. 99. — The hardwood type. A middle-aged stand of even-age marked for 

 a heavy thinning. 



bordered by open fields. Often these groves, and in fact stands 

 of all types, occur as small patches surrounded by open land. 

 If a thinning made in such a stand is carried out to the very edge, 

 the stand is opened up on the sides to the entrance of sun and 

 wind. The moisture conditions of the soil cover, so favorable 



