284 



FORESTRY IN NEW ENGLAND 



to the original hardwood type. Either may be done. The 

 same treatment which will keep softwoods from encroaching on 

 the type in the spruce region will prevent sugar maple, hem- 

 lock, and various hardwoods from taking possession in the 

 northern hardwoods region. 



Where there is a ready market for poplar pulpwood and 

 excelsior, and for paper birch as spoolwood, etc., as was the case 

 in the spruce region, it will be profitable to maintain the type. 

 Otherwise it should be allowed to revert to the hardwood type. 



Fig. loo. — An example of the use of a final cutting under the shelterwood system. A pure 

 even-aged stand of young hard maple with a few old trees. These large trees should 

 be removed. 



4. Old-Field Hardwoods. — This type may be handled in the 

 same manner as the hardwood t^-pe. It will be remembered 

 that the two types differ more in their origin and form than 

 in composition. The old-field hardwoods type is in most in- 

 stances even-aged while the hardwood type in the majority of 

 cases approaches an uneven-aged form. 



Its even-aged character makes the type well adapted for treat- 

 ment under the shelterwood system. Since these lands were 

 once cleared, it may be taken for granted that they are not in 

 the most inaccessible portions of the region. Hence it may 



