THE WHITE PINE REGION 299 



region. Hemlock occurs on the cooler slopes and in ravines, 

 while pitch pine is confined to the most sterile sandy soils. In 

 some localities black cherry grows and when present is a valuable 

 species. 



The virgin forest is a thing of the past in the white pine region, 

 many areas having been heavily cut over, not only once but 

 two or three times. Clear cutting is usually practiced and has 

 resulted in producing stands of even age, which give the forest 

 its characteristic even-aged form. The original forest was of 

 seedling origin. In the present second-growth forests the conifers 

 are of seedling origin, but among the hardwoods sprout growth 

 has quite largely replaced the original seedling growth. Almost 

 all the hardwoods sprout freely in this region. 



Forest Types. 



The original and permanent forest types are less prominent 

 than in either of the regions already considered. Cutting and 

 forest fires have caused the formation of many temporary types. 

 The former has been heavier and both have been repeated a 

 greater number of times than in the two regions previously con- 

 sidered. In other words, the original types have been cut oft" 

 and burned over, and under the continued action of these agencies 

 have so little chance to reappear permanently that temporary 

 t>pes occupy the greater portion of the area. 



There are eight types in all, classified as follows: 



Permanent Forest Types. 



1. Hemlock. 



2. Pitch pine. 



3. White cedar swamp. 



Temporary Forest Types. 



4. Pure white pine. 



5. Pine and inferior hardwoods. 



6. Mixed hardwoods. 



7. Soft-maple swamp. 



8. Waste land. 



