304 FORESTRY IN NEW ENGLAND 



but often soils of a better grade are seeded to stands of the tjpe. 

 This is especially the case on old-field situations. Well-drained 

 soil is an essential. 



White pine composes eighty per cent or more of the stand, 

 while mixed with it in small numbers may be found occasionally 

 almost any of the hardwoods in the region. Soft maple and gray 

 birch are perhaps the commonest associates of the pine. 



The pure white pine type furnishes a fine example of a regu- 

 lar even-aged stand, which is the usual form. The stands are 

 generally free from undergrowth, having a thick soil covering 

 of pine needles. Any openings are stocked with reproduction, 

 both hardwood and pine being represented. Sometimes hard- 

 wood reproduction appears in quite dense shade of pine. 



More investigations have been carried on by the United 

 States Forest Service and the various state forestry departments 

 in regard to the pure white pine type than for any other type in 

 New England. As a result, rehable figures are available for 

 its growth and yield. All the figures given are for unmanaged 

 stands which started from natural reproduction. Table LV 

 given in the Appendix shows the total number of trees per acre, 

 the number of merchantable trees, and the average height of 

 the stand at different ages. The rapid lessening in numbers 

 through suppression and death of the poorer individuals as the 

 stand grows older is noteworthy. 



Three yield tables have been made within recent years for 

 different portions of the region. One made in cooperation be- 

 tween the United States Forest Service and the State of New 

 Hampshire is for the New Hampshire section.^ Another, for 

 the Massachusetts section of the region, is based on meas- 

 urements taken within that state.- The third, made by the 

 United States Forest Service, is intended to apply to the whole 

 region.^ 



1 Published in the Report of the New Hampshire Forestry Commission for 

 1905-1906. 



"^ It is issued by the State Forester of Massachusetts under the title of "Forest 

 Mensuration of the White Pine in Massachusetts." 



' See Forest Service, Bulletin No. 63. 



