3IO 



FORESTRY IN NEW ENGLAND 



hardwoods start at the same time, and since the pine often seeds 

 in a few years after the hardwoods the latter secure a considerable 

 start. Before the pine can work its way up through the hard- 

 wood tops its stem often becomes twisted and sometimes the 

 leader is killed by the mechanical rubbing of the hardwood Umbs. 

 In fact the cover of hardwoods may be so dense or have such a 

 start over the pine that the latter is unable to pass it and never 

 amounts to anything. Another form of pine found in the type 



By permission of the Massachusetts State Forester. 



Fig. III. — Sandy lands on Cape Cod in need of forest planting. 



are trees with branchy crowns widely spreading and sometimes 

 reaching to the ground. These trees are in poorly stocked 

 stands where seeding of hardwood and pine was not sufficiently 

 dense to insure proper natural pruning. 



The hardwoods themselves do not furnish material of value 

 except as cordwood. Occasionally there may be a small use 

 locally for other purposes. Thus the value of the type depends 

 on the amount of pine contained in the main stand, i.e., which 

 has been able to get ahead of the hardwoods. The yield can 

 usually be figured as a certain per cent of what a stand of pure 

 pine would give at that age, the per cent being identical with the 



