THE WHITE PINE REGION 325 



The hardwoods to favor are white ash, red oak, black cherry, 

 and chestnut, — the latter only in case the chestnut bark dis- 

 ease loses its virulence within a few years. There is sometimes 

 a small mixture of white pine in the type, and where this is the 

 case the pine should be favored and the pine seed trees left when 

 the fmal cutting is made. 



7. Soft Maple Swamp. — Soit maple cordwood will always be 

 the main product of this type. This species will yield greater 

 amounts of wood on the site than any other, and should be 

 favored. On some of the better sites a little soft maple lumber 

 can be secured. On such situations some of the better asso- 

 ciates of the soft maple, such as yellow birch, should be en- 

 couraged on account of the greater value of their timber. There 

 should be no attempt, however, to eradicate soft maple from 

 the stand. The simple coppice system is well adapted for re- 

 producing soft maple swamps, since the maple coppices freely, 

 and on swampy land produces vigorous sprouts. Where cord- 

 wood only is desired a rotation of thirty to forty years should 

 prove most profitable. Where some lumber also is wanted a 

 forty to fifty years' rotation will be better. If the longer rota- 

 tion for lumber is used two thinnings at least should be made 

 during the rotation. The coppice with standards could also be 

 used to advantage where soft maple lumber was wanted, cutting 

 the coppice on a thirty-year rotation, and the standards when 

 sixty or ninety years of age. On a short rotation of thirty years 

 for cordwood it will be unnecessary to make any thinnings. 



8. Waste Land. — The treatment needed by this type of land 

 is protection from fires, and planting. Because of the sandy 

 nature of the site planting should be with pine; in many cases 

 white pine, but on the poorest sites red pine or in the most 

 unfavorable situations pitch pine or Scotch pine should be sub- 

 stituted for the white pine. 



The loose sandy character of the soil makes the expense of 

 setting the plants comparatively low. Strong, sturdy stock, 

 transplanted, and at least three years old, should be used. 

 Usually the present growth of scrub oak, shrubs, etc., is not 



