100 Mr. A. W. Waters on 



ricnlly fioni forms in which it does not occur; but this 

 cannot now be maintained. In Adeoiiellidfie this difference 

 was made a freneric character, but we now see that it onlj' 

 occurs in about halt* the species. In Lipvalia dimorphism 

 is known in clepressa, B. ; bistntn, Waters ; cincta, Ilincks ; 

 cleidostoma, 8m. ; circiiincincta, Nev. In llippothoa it is 

 sometimes found, as also in many Catenicellida? ; also in 

 Cahschara and Mi nopovella waipukercnsis, Waiters, in Cri- 

 hriliua cUt/iridiata, Waters, and in Schizoporella suhimmersa, 

 ^lacG., &e. 



In describing}: Lepralia grimaldi, JuUien says that the 

 dimorphism of the zooecia in this species is enough to shake 

 our confidence in the characteristic valne of the oral aperture, 

 but the reason for this is not clear, for the opercula.of.tlin 

 ordinary Z' oecia will have the shape of the sj)ecies both 

 in colonies with or witliout ovicelligerous zooecia, and it is 

 therefore a character of the greatest use — besides, in some 

 cases the relationship may also be shown by the ovicelligerous 

 zooecia. 



I am not sure that Ilipporiiui will stand as containing the 

 present somewhat heterogeneous collection, nor do I feel at 

 all satisfied with the family Hippoj)odinidse, Lev., [ov circum- 

 cincta has not a thin-walled zooeeinm, the nature and shape 

 of the ovicell is very different in circumcincla and pralncida, 

 and then the slight difference in the distal wall in Cheilvpora 

 and Hij)popodina is a trifling character, the difference in the 

 rosette-plates may or may not be of importance. Under 

 the ciicumstances I, provisionally, at least, adhere to Lepralia 

 of Hincks, and to me it seems that the wisest and simplest 

 thing would have been to have done so generally, and to 

 have gradually removed species to other or new genera when 

 there was sufficient reason for so doing; for as time has gone 

 on it has become clear that many things were incorrectly 

 grouped together under Lepralia. 



Loc. Naples, 45 fath.; Capri, 30 fath. ; Oran, 54 fath. 

 (specimens given by Canu) ; r>ay of Biscay, 240 metres 



{J.4-C.). 



Fossil. Spilinga, Calabria, post-Pliocene (iV.) ; Monteleone, 

 Calabria, Pliocene (A-)^ ^ar,, Carrubare, Calabria, Upper 

 Pliocene (iV.). 



* "A Structure in Adeonella,'' Aim. & Mag. Nat, Hist. ser. 8, vol. ix. 

 p, 497 (1912). 



