External Chanwlers of Ramiiuiiil Artiodactyla. 4o7 



of a sliort urethral process. The statement, however, must 

 be aeceptcd iu preference to the figure. 



Genus Syncerus, Hodgson, 



Syncenis, IIod?:son, .Tourn. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xvi. pt. 2, p. 709 (1847) : 



typo, hrnchnceros, (Tray, 

 riuniceros, (iray, Cat. liiuu. Brit. Mus. p. 10 (1872), as subgenus of 



liuhalics: ty^Q, }>laniceros, Blytli { = ccntraUs, Orav). 

 Synocron, id. op. cif. p. 12, ^'as subg-enus of Duhalns: type, cnffer, 



Sparin. 



Apart from the shape of the head, horns, and the size of 

 the ears, I am not acquainted with any important external 

 eliaracters by which tlie African buffaloes may be distin- 

 guislied from their Asiatic allies. My examination, how- 

 ev(;r, is restricted to one example — a young bull — of S. coffer 

 (pquinoctialis? In this specimen the petiis was thinner than 

 iu other Bovines, and there was no trace of a tubular pro- 

 lonjjation of the urethral canal free from the terminal 

 tliickcning of the glans (fig. 4, A). A side view of the large 

 rhinarium is shown in fig. 2, C. 



Riitimeyer loui; ago pointed out some of the cranial 

 differences Ijctween the African and Asiatic buffaloes, and, 

 admitting them as distinct genera, adopted the name Bu- 

 balus for the former and introduced Buffelus for the latter. 

 For no very good reasons, apparently, lie severed tlie anoa 

 {A. ilepressicornis) from the Asiatic forms and proposed 

 Pruhubalus for its reception. 



In 1901 Lonn!)eig (K. Svcnska Vet.-Akad. Handl. xxxv. 

 no. 3) adopted Riitimeyer's opinion as to the generic status 

 of the two types of buffalo, and backed it by the addition of 

 other cranial features. At the same time he showed that 

 the anoa falls into line with the big buffaloes of India, the 

 link between the two being supplied by mindoi-ensis. He 

 followed Riitimeyer also in the matter of nomenclature, 

 with the exception that Probuhalus lapsed as a synonym of 

 Buffelus. Nevertheless, in 1903 (N. Acta Soc. U|)sal. (3) 

 XX. pp. 55-61) Lonnberg writes on the soft anatomy of 

 Anoa as if it were a genus apart from other Asiatic buffaloes. 

 The reason for this course is not clear. 



In 1911 llollister (P. Biol. Soc. Wash. xxiv. p. 191) 

 adopted the views of lUitimeyer and lionnberg regarding the 

 buli'uloesof Africa and India, without, however, being aware, 

 so far as can be judged, of their publications upon this 

 subject. Not possessing a skull of depressicornis for exami- 

 nation, he left Anoa alone, adopting the name Bubaius for 



