GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPH Y i)V IIAAVAIT. l.v^^ 



only tell miles in width ;it its widest ]);\r\. It is roiiiihly feclnnuuhir in rnrrn 

 and has an area of Iwo liuiidrcd and sixly-niic s(|iiare niih's. 



Like Oahn, it hears uiiinistakahie e\idenee of heiii^- I he I'esull of sevei'al 

 [)ei'i()ds of volcanic activity, and it, too, is formed hy the jniielion of two vol- 

 canic mountains of which the western crater JNIanna Loa.^ an eminence lit lie 

 more than a hill, is far the older. The eastern end of the island is much hi^iher, 

 attaining at Kamakua peak an altitude of 4,958 feet. The highland between 

 the two points mentioned, while less extensive, has been built up in iiinch 1 he 

 same manner as the region between the two gronps of mountains on Oahn. 



The island from the north presents a more or less verlical face of vary- 

 ing height which rises, as a line of cliffs, usually from a very narrow level 

 plain. From the high backbone of the island in the eastern end, several deep, 

 beautiful valleys, with gaunt finger-like lateral ridges, run down to the sea. 

 The most prominent point along the northern coast is formed by the wedge- 

 shaped peak of 01okui,2 which has its sea end formed ])y a wall rising all but 

 perpendicularly from the sea to almost the extreme height of the mounlaiii. 

 The deep balloon-shaped valleys of Wailau ami Pelekunu almost surround this 

 point and form its almost inaccessible walls inland. The whole section has ])een 

 deeply eroded and is one of the most remarkable and pictui'esipie districts of 

 the entire group. The vertical sea cliffs and the great amphitheater-shaix'd val- 

 leys, set, as they are, directly across the ])ath of the northeast trade winds, are 

 almost constantly drenched with heavy tropical rains. l^nfortunately this 

 abundant supply of water is still allowed to tiow to the sea uncontrolled, while the 

 opposite end of the island, with its thousands of acres of rich, deep-red tillahle 

 soil lies parched and barren. 



Halaw.s. Valley. 



The eastern, and consequently the most remote end of the island, is occu- 

 pied by smooth, high bluffs toi:)ped with a table-land that is cut 1hrouL;!i by 

 the valley of Halawa. This valley is one of great isolation and primitive 

 beauty. Its purple cliff-like walls terminate abi-uptly a1 the head of the gorge 

 in a vertical precipice, over which jxjur two streams di-awn from the rain-soaked 

 uplands. The Halawa waters reach the tioor of the valleys by monster leaps, 

 foi-ming ]\roaula Falls; the other, the llipuapua stream, forms a siimie silvei-y 

 thread from top to bottom of tlie cliff. The ceaseless tund)lc and roai- of these 

 falls, the delicious freshness of the breeze, the song of the feaiiess nati\-e birds, 

 the abundant vine-swung tropical verdure, the sim])le I'l'ieiidly hospitality of the 

 natives, the morning and eveniuu I'ainltows tliat span the falls, the sweep df the 

 sand-rimmed bay, the traiujuil scene of life aloni;' the ri\-ei'. the peace, the |)leut\\ 

 the contentment of it all, blends again in memoiw as 1 wi'ite, as not many years 

 ago it did in reality to foi'ui a |)icture. a pictui'c of bliss, such as I would iiaint 

 v.'ere I gifted, and call the ''Island \'ale .\\aloir" an eai'thly pai'adise within 

 the w'estern sea. 



' 1382 feet. " 4600 feet. 



