INTRODUCED IM.AXTS A XT) ANIMALS. 267 



arid insects would tioiii'isli. 'I'lic Hi-', as is well-known, is a iialive of Asia . It is 

 a true Ficus, bel()n<iint;' to the same s'l'^us of plants with the ordinary rubber 

 tree or banian common in the islands. Several varieties of the choice Smyrna 

 fig have been introduced recently, together with the interestin<>- wasj) which is 

 necessary to fertilize the Howei's. The story of the dexcldinin nt of Ihc Sniyi-na 

 fij^- industry in the United States is one dealini;- with a rcniai-kahlc triinnph of 

 economic entomology and is a tale of absorbin.u interest. 



Grape culture is eai'i'ied on to some extent in a coiniuei'cial way, especially 

 by the Portuguese. Although the grape-'" has been cultivated hy man since the 

 beginning of history, it was unknown in Hawaii before its introduction by the 

 whites, which took place at an early date. The Isabella is the type of blue 

 grape most cultivated and is to be had in the markets thi-oughout tin' year. All 

 species grown are subject to the attacks of insects, the most imi)ortant pest 

 being the Japanese beetle. This insect is esi)ecially troul)lesome, often com- 

 pletely defoliating the vines. 



Certain varieties of apples-^' have been grown in the islands at high alti- 

 tudes, though they seem to require a different climate. Peaches '-^ thrive fairly 

 well in the islands. While not |)roducing fruit of nuirketable appearance oi- 

 flavor, it seems to l)e l)ound to no set season, blossoms and fruit being found at 

 different elevations, and under varying circumstances, the year around. 



The black mulberry •^■' was early introduced into the islands foi- the i)urpose 

 of supplying food for silk worms. It was hoped by the missi(»naries that the 

 silk industry might be established among the natives. Interest was allowed to 

 lapse, however, though the mulberry does well here, having escaped into a wild 

 state in many sections. The white nudberry ^" has also been introduced. Should 

 fruit-eating birds be extensively introduced it. would doubtless be spi-ead by 

 them into the mountains generally. 



Eugenia. 



Of th(^ large germs of Eti(j( iiia ^^ mau>' s])eci(N have been iut i-od'iced into 

 the Hawaiian islands. Of the fruiting shrub-like hushes seen in yai-ds. the 

 Cayenne or Surinam Cherry "^- is most conunon. It is a nati\-e of lii-azil. is 

 bush-like in growth, seldom if ever growing moi'e than twenty teet hiL:li. It is 

 easily identified by its dark red edible cherry-like fruits which are an inch in 

 diameter and ribbed from the stem to blossom end. The delightful, spicy, acid 

 flavor of the fruit is characteristic. Els(nvhere it is unu'h used for jellies and 

 jams, and is sometimes impro[)erl,\- called the Ureiicli cheri-y. 



The rose apple, "•■'■ another Eugenia, is also fi-e(|ueii1 ly seen in Liardens in the 

 grouj). It is a tree usually attaininiz the heii^lit n\' tweiit\ or tliirty ieet with 

 long, lliick-. shiney green leaves much I'esembling the oleandei-. The fi'uit. whicli 

 has little to recommend it as a fruit, is white or vello',vi-;h in color, liiuzcd with a 



^^ Vitis spp. 57 Pj/riix Malii.i. '"* I'runux Perxica. •'"' Mdnix nif/ra. *" l/on/.v niha. 



*i Named in honor of Prince Eugene of Savo.v. *- Eiu/fnin M iriii-lii = IC. uiii)lora. 



*^ Ell ye nut Janihus. 



