INTRODUCED PLANTS AND ANI^MALS. 279 



are carried, a few at a time, on each end of a can-ying- stiek over the shoulder, 

 and stacked near the thrashinji' floor and mill. 



The iirain are tramped out in tln' most pi'imitive fasliinn by horses on a 

 smooth, hard floor. It is further dried on the floor and is Ihcn stored in sacks. 



The removiuii' of the hull or huslc is a laborious task, occup\iu<i' iiours of 

 time and all tlie machinery thai the iimcnuity of the Chiiu^se race has been 

 able to bring to bear on the problem. The })rocess. to he appreeiatecl. is one 

 that must be seen in its primitive crudeness at the mills themselves, where tlu' 

 Chinese miller, cheerfully explaining the operation in answer to evei-y (|ues- 

 tion, blandly replies, "Oh, Chinaman, him long time do alle same, me no 

 sabbie."' However, it should be remarked that a few of the more j)r()gressive 

 rice growers are making use of some of the modern American machinery, and 

 it is (piite pi'obable that before many years the change in methods of growing 

 and milling will be complete. 



Coffee. 



Coffee growing is essentially a ti"0])ical industry, and the coffee '' plant 

 has found a favorable home in the higher districts in the Hawaiian Islands. 

 The industry, for various industrial reasons, has not prospered of late as it 

 should. The plants were first introduced into the islands in 182:] by Mr. 

 Matain, M^ho established a small plantation near Honolulu. Coff'ee was again 

 introduced from Rio de Janeiro, in 1825, by jNIr. John Wilkinson, a [jractieal 

 gardenei', who came to the islands fi'om England in the ship Blonde at the 

 request of Governor Boki. He settled in ]\Ianoa Valley, wdiere he nuide a 

 beginning in ])otli the sugar and coff'ee industries. Plants from there were 

 set out in Kalihi, Pauoa and Niu valleys. A year or two after (1827-28) 

 plants were introduced from Manila and wei-e also set out in iManoa Valley. 

 From this start coff'ee plants soon spread to other localities throughout the 

 group, and there are trees in existence over sixty yeai's old that ai'e still in a 

 thrifty condition. 



The plant without question is a horticultural success in the ishuuls. attain- 

 ing an early maturity and bearing heavy crops. The berries are frequently so 

 crow-ded on the stem that there is scarcely room foi' one moi-e. The coff'ee of 

 the islands has a marked flavor, and pure "Kona"" is said to be superior in 

 every way to the best Mocha or Old (loverinuent Java. 



The coff'ee plant -was first cultivated by the Arabs, wlio transferi-ed it 

 from its native soil in eastern Africa to Ai-al)ia. about the liitli eeiitui\-. l-'i-om 

 Arabia it was cai-ried to P)atavia. the capital of the Dutch i-]ast Indies, a hun- 

 dred years later. From this beginning man>- cultui'al vai-ielu's have been de- 

 veloped that are now grown in the colTtH' y.ouv liu'oughout the world. 



In a wild state coff'ee is a slender t I'ee and urows fifteen to twentv feet in 

 height, but in cultivation, for conveuieiu'e in picking \hc fruit, it is not allowed 

 to grow over ten or twelve feet tall, and the ti'ce is made to assunu' a pxramidal 



^ Coffea Arabira and ('. l.iherirn. 



