THE ANIMAL LIFE OF THE GROUP. 295 



began to escape to a wild life, living on birds and mice in the mountains. AVild 

 cats are particularly troublesome in Hawaii. They are occasionally hunted, 

 especially by sportsmen in pursuit of wild cattle, goats, pigs, chickens and 

 turkeys, all of which, like the cats, have lived many generations in a perfectly 

 wild state in the mountain forests on different islands of the group. 



Native Bats. 



There seems to have been at least one and perhaps two species of native 

 bats in the islands. They have always been rare, but apparently are still to be 

 seen in the uplands of Hawaii ; Dr. R. C. L. Perkins reports having seen the 

 small Hawaiian bat,ii or opeapea, on both Oahu and Kauai. This bat appears 

 to be the only undisputed natural mammalian immigrant to the group, as the so- 

 called native rat and mouse could have been easily carried to Hawaii in the 

 wreckage of foreign i- vessels that may have reached the islands by chance 

 long before their discoverv bv Cook. 



'& 



Hogs and Dogs. 



c 



While it is perfectly proper to say that the rat, bat, and mouse were the 

 only native species of mammalia found by Captain Cook, w^e can well afford 

 to consider in this connection mammals that were of native introduction — 

 namely, the hog ^^ and the clog.^^ Just as the Polynesian people carried useful 

 plants with them on their w^anderings, they also brought with them in their 

 canoes these two highly-prized and useful domestic animals known to them 

 in their more ancient home. The hogs^'' varied greatly in color, as they were 

 black, white, ^^ brindle, striped, reddish and spotted, indicating that the species 

 had long been in domestication. The Hawaiian dog was fed largely on poi, 

 and was much relished as food in old-time Hawaii. Like the hogs, they were 

 classed according to their color, there being sevei'al well-recognized color- 

 types. The Hawaiians also introduced a fowl.^' which was everywhere a 

 common article of food at the time of Captain Cook's visit. 



Introduced Animals. 



Since the discovery of the islands a luunber of maminals and hifds have 

 been introduced by accident or design whicli have been pcruiitlcd 1o I'ctiirn 

 to a wnld state and in many instances are (|uilc coniuion. The liist introduc- 

 tion of this class was that of goats and English pigs, and was made by Captain 

 Cook himself. One ram and two ewes and a paii- of ])i^s wci-c Icil hy hini on 

 Niihau in 1788. Cattle and sheep were inti'oduccd hy Vancouver fi-oiii Cali- 

 fornia in 1794. They were landed on Hawaii and I'apidly increased in num- 

 ber. The first horses in Hawaii arrived in iSo;', and wci-e presentetl to Ivanie- 

 hmeha I. 



1' Laniuni.'i sen70t}/s. ^- Spanish. '^ Puna. ^* Ilio. "• .Sirt sp. 



1" The white hogs were often used in niakins ofTerings and sacritices to the gods of ancient Hawaii. 



'^" Moa = chicken : moa kane, rooster: niiia wahine, lien. 



