THE ANIMAL LIFE OF THE GROIH^. 351 



Students of the subject of Hsli jiiid (isli ciillui-c IdJ ^is tliat lliei'e are now 

 known in the waters of the woild more than ten thousand species of bony 

 fishes. These they have divided into about twenty ordei's, which are again 

 divided into numeroiUJ famiVies, and still nioic miiiicrous genera. Of the ini- 

 portent genera, a surprising number are represented in the fisli fauna of 

 Hawaii by one or more species. 



Many of the six hundred or more species attributed to Hawaii are never 

 seen in the markets, since they dwell only in the dark abysses of the deep o[)en 

 ocean, often miles below its surface. They are only captured by the use of 

 complicated apparatus operated at great expense by scientific men commissioned to 

 study the wonders of the great ocean, and who for their work must employ 

 specially equipped vessels, such as the United States Fish Commission ship 

 Albatross. 



Then again, fish, like birds and plants and insects, have their peculiar 

 habitats, and require special conditions or certain kinds of food. As a result. 

 many of the conmion kinds are confined in very limited localities. Out of 

 over one hundred species of food fish that are regarded as abundant in Hawaii, 

 only five — the aku, oio, uku, ulaula and ulua — enter into the records as being 

 taken commercially by the fishermen on all of the large islands of the group. 



Of the large number of species of fish sold in Honolulu, almost none are 

 the same species as are sold in the markets of the mainland or in foreign co\ni- 

 tries. This is because the fish fauna of Hawaii is isolated from that of other 

 lands. However, most of the common families of sea fish have local repre- 

 sentatives, some of them perhaps excelling in flavor the species with which 

 strangers from abroad are more familiar. While in general it nuiy be said 

 that the fish fauna of Hawaii is in a large measure derived from the fauna of 

 the East Indies, and wliile it is more closely related to the fishes of Polynesia 

 than to those of North America or Japan, it should be regarded as consti- 

 tuting a minor faunal group composed in the main of forms which have ])eeii 

 isolated long enough, in most instances, to form distinct species. 



Anchovies and Barracudas. 

 A good example of this localization of species is shown by the nehu,- which 

 is in reality a very abundant local species belonging to the genus including the 

 widely and favorably known anchovy of commerce. So far they have only 

 been secured from the Hawaiian Islands. They are fish of small size with a 

 well-marked, broad, silvery lateral band. In 1900 the records for the islands 

 shows a catch of more than ninety thousand yiounds of this sj)e('ies for the year. 



' Anchoria jiuriniri'a. 



'(Description of Plate Confinti/'d from Opposite Pane. ) 



Lizard-fish [Kawelea] {TrnchinocephaUis miiops). 6. I>izanltisli | I'hu' | {,*>i/n(>(lHs v(iriiiK). 

 7. Moray [Piihi] (Gi/mnotlwra.r rrcodcs). S. yioray | Pulii Inuiiiili | {Gfimnothora.r unduta- 

 Uis). 9. Moray [Puhi] {Gi/niiio1liorax peUlli). 10. Moray [Pulii kapa] {Kchidna nchti- 

 losa). 11. Trumpet-fish [Nunu] (Aulostomufi valentini). 12. Sea-horse (Hippocampus 

 fishcri). 1.3. Needle-fish [Ahaaha] (Alhlen.us hians). 14. Half-heak [Me'e me'e] (Hciui- 

 ramplnis dcpauprratu.s). 15. Half-beak [Ihcih") ( Knh pturfminpus loiu/irostris). 



