THE ANIMAL LIFE OF THE GROUP. 389 



been imported, however, as they bear no reseiiil)l;m(M' to tlic '^r-c-ii (iivh'i- of 

 true bu^s ^'"^ that occur in the forests. The one i)i'evi()usly iiiciil ioncd. in wliich 

 the winos do not touch each other doAvn the liaclc, and the corn Icaf-liopper.*'' 

 having the wings folded closely together on the back, ai"e 1lie ini[)()rtant forms. 

 A gray sugar-cane mealy-bug,'*'^ a pink sugar-cane meal\-bug,^''^ and a ]>! ant- 

 louse known as the sugar-cane aphis *'•' are also members of the same great 

 order.^"^ They are injurious locally, and though their relatives ai'e more oi' less 

 readily kept in check on other vegetation, the latter species, when it occui's on 

 cane, hides at the base of the leaves and is almost inaccessible. 



It will be seen that some of these pests l)or(^ into the stem of the cane, 

 some eat or cut the underground roots or stems, some eat the leaves, some suck 

 the juice from the leaves and stems, and some feed on the parts left after otlu-r 

 species have had their fill. Yet in spite (»f th(^ formidable list of enemies and 

 the diverse lines of attack which they pursue, some of the l)est and most favor- 

 ably located plantations are able to harvest as much as thirteen tons of raw 

 sugar of the finest quality from an acre of this seemingly pest-ridden plant. 



Aphids or Plant-Lice. 



The sugar-cane aphis,-'^^ since it probably occurs throughout the islands 

 where cane is grown, may well be taken as the type of its family.'- The 

 aphids ai'e minute insects with more than twenty species already known in the 

 islands, all of which have been introduced. 



]Most of the species of plant-lice or aphids in Hawaii occur on well-k'nnwn 

 or imported plants, and were doubtless imported with their host plants. They 

 are inconspicuous but are very injurious on account of their innidx'i-s and 

 their juice-sucking habits. They make up in nund)ers fen- what they lack in 

 size, and nnist be recognized as among the greatest pests with Avhidi the 

 farmer, gardener and horticulturist has to contend. 



The i)lant-lice and aphids are minute, soft, i)uli)y little creatures with 

 rather long antennae and conspicuous round eyes; they are commonly seen 

 crowded togeth(>r (m the ends of stems, the under side of leaves, in 1)nds and 

 flowers, in clefts in the bark and sometimes even on the roots of ])lants. Their 

 fore Avings are longer than the hind ])aii' and repose roof-like over the hind 

 l)art of the body. While the majority of them are green in coloi-. Ihey \arv 

 greatly, being brown, Idack, red, yellow, and variegated. They aic usually 

 named after the plant on whicdi they occui" most abundantly. .\s a I'ule, though 

 not always, they conline their attack's to a single species of plant. Among 

 the moi'c noticeable species in Hawaii we find the hanana aphis."'-' Ihe Tei-n 

 aphis,'^'* the |)aliii aphis,"''' the I'ose a|)lii.s."''' the corn aphis. "'^ the viold a]»his,''^^ 

 the orange a[)his ■'•' on citi'us fruit generally, the (dii-ysaiithem\nn ai)his.'''" the 



*^ Hemiiiltiii . *" Perer/rinvs iiididif:. *~ Pseudocoiciif: xiu'i-lm riinlii. *" Pxetidocnrcii.s narchari. 



*^ A phis siirrhdri. ^'" Hcmi/iti'rd. '■'' A/ihis .inrrliari. '■'- A jiliidtr. ••■^ Pi'titnhniia tiij/ronerriian. 



^''' III io III mix iii'pli roIi'iiiiJifi. '^''^' ('I'riitii /iliis liinlimiiv. ■''^ Miicrnni jilnitii rn.sir. ••'Aphis mai(li.s. 



^^ Kliopalosiphiiiii riolir. ^"ili/zus cil rirlihix. ''" Macrusii/hiiin sanbvnii. 



