THE ANIMAL LIFE OF THE GROUP. 395 



less had a beneficial effect, however, and the pest is not so serious as in former 

 years. 



J\Iany species of smallci- introduced beetles do more oi- less daniiiuc to 

 various cultivated plants or stored commodities. Among the more common, or 

 those liable to attract attention, are the rice weevil,-'*^ the coffee-bean weevil.-'-* 

 the rust-red flour beetle ^*^ on rice, the sisal weevil ;"^i the cadelle beetle,-*- a 

 whitish grub destructive to stored products, as rice; the tobacco leaf -beetle,'*^ 

 the carpet beetle,^-' the cigarette beetle ;^'' the mango weevil,-*'^ supposed to have 

 been introduced in 1903; the bean weevil,^'' the common ground lieetle,'"' tlu^ 

 algaroba bean weevil, ■*•' and the algaroba pod weevil,-"''^ both feeding on alga- 

 roba beans. In addition there are long-horned beetles of several species on 

 algaroba, black wattle and various other trees, as well as numerous species of 

 bark beetles — but a sufficient number have been enumerated to indicate the 

 nature of the imported pests in this order of insects. 



Leaf-Rolling IMotiis. 



Mention has been made of the sugar-cane leaf-roller ^^ as an injurious moth 

 belonging to the order Lepidoptera. With it might be considered the cocoanut 

 leaf-roller,-''- which is especially destructive to the cocoanut leaves, and the 

 common banana leaf-roller,-''''^ one of the four species that infest the banana 

 plants to some extent. All three are native species belonging to a genus of 

 twelve or more species of fair-sized, brown moths that occur in Hawaii and 

 nowhere else, and that are peculiar in their leaf-rolling habits. The larvie oi- 

 caterpillar of all species are very similar in appearance, varying in size in 

 proportion to the adult. They feed voraciously on the green leaves during the 

 period of growth and fold the leaf by fastening two portions together with 

 silken threads. When full groAvn, which requires three or four weeks usually, 

 they change to the pupa within the folded leaf and remain dormant for one or 

 two weeks. 



The ragged, unsightly edges on palm leaves, especially of the cocoanut 

 palm, is the result of the work of this leaf-roller. As it is abundant, and the 

 largest species of the genus, it is readily collected and studied. The egg- 

 masses, with thirty to eighty eggs in a cluster, are placed along the inidi-ib 

 on the new leaves as they open. As from four to six broods are reared in a 

 year, the work of defoliation continues as rapidly as the palm puts out new 

 leaves. The mynah bird is very fond of the larva3 of the palm leaf-i-ollcr and 

 without doubt helps to reduce their numbers. 



The bean leaf-i-ollcr -''^ feeds on several species of native hcaiis. iiirJiuling 

 the wiliwili, and to some extent on garden beans. In feediim llif\- hold the 

 heaves together with a silken thread and eat the inner siii-faee (if the Ic.-if, 

 leaving the outer surface undisturbed. 



Some of the species of this genus, ineluding the sugar-cane leaf-rollei-. are 



'^ Calandra orj/za>. ^^Arwcc.'^ii.i fa.srii-iildtiis. ^^ Tribolimii fen-in/iiicii»i. *^ I'xfiiddlus loiii^iihis. 



*- Tenehroides muritanirvs. *^ Epitrix parriilfi. ^* Anthreiiim scrojjluilnria'. 



^^ Lasiodermn serrirorne. *" Criiptorhync)ius mnnniferrc. *~ liriicliiis prosoins. 



■** Ompntrinn scrratiim. *" liriirliiif! prn.sopi.s. •'" Cnri/nbonis f/oyiiu/rti. ''' Omiodes ncceptn. 



^- Omiodes hlncliburni. ^^ Omiodes mcyricki. ^'* Omiodes )nonot/o)ia. 



