THE ANIMAL LIFE OF THE GROll'. 421 



as to habit or appearance to make their recognition at all easy or certain, even 

 by the professional entomologist, without reference to cabinet specinit'iis, 

 schemes of classification and tables, based often on minute and obscure char- 

 acteristics. Some of the species, however, warrant notice on account of their 

 size or abundance, though the very largest island species of the order — a beau- 

 tiful green sphynx moth ^" — does not exceed three and a half inches in expanse. 

 It has four dull-colored cousins occurring on the different islands th;it are 

 almost as rare. Like the foregoing species, the humming-bird moths ai-e also 

 members of the hawk-moth ^"^ family. Two species occur here. Tlie one with 

 the rosy, spotted abdomen,"^- known as the sweet potato horn-worm, is fairly 

 abundant from September to December, while tlie species with the yellow- 

 spotted abdomen is rarer, though both species are widely disti-ihuted in 

 America. The commoner species has been mentioned among the economic 

 insects. 



Coming to the typical butterflies with knobbed antenna?,^^ we have the 

 so-called four-footed butterflies,^^ represented by at least five species. Only 

 one of them, however, the Kameliameha butterfly,"*"' is native. Fortunately it 

 is the most common species, especially in the lower forest zone. It can be 

 recognized as differing from the three introduced species of the angel-wings, 

 or vanesseds, by its larger size and having the body reddish-brown, whih' the 

 body of a similar species ^'^ is black. 



These bright butterflies with their winus of varied rustv brown, i-ed. rose, 

 black and white add a welcome touch of color to the forest green that is sure 

 to delight every mountain rambler. The larva? are conspicuous caterpillars 

 found principally on the mamaki. They fold the margin of a leaf together to 

 form a shelter, crawling out of it to feed. As they grow in size, they are 

 known to form new retreats from time to time. 



The monarch or milkweed butterfly'*' is represented by an introduced 

 species, identified by its having the upper surface of the wings light tawny- 

 brown, with the border and veins black, and two rows of white spots on the 

 outer borders of all four wings. It is much the largest butterfly found in 

 Hawaii. It is fairly common on the lower levels, where it feeds in the larval 

 stage on the introduced milkweed. 



The family of gossamer-winged butterflies^'^ are re[)resented by four 

 species of the "blues," one of which, Blackburn's ])nttei'fl\-,"*'* is peculiar 1o the 

 group and is ({uite plentiful at proper seasons in the mountains on all tlie 

 islands up to 4000 feet. All of the species are al)out an inch across the ex- 

 panded wings. The native species can be identilied at once by the light hluish- 

 green. unspotted under-surface of the wings, and by the uppei'-snrface being 

 dark colored, edged with blue. One of the inti'oduced species''" is very abun- 

 dant, its larva' feeding on Crotalaria and other bean-liUe plants growim: on the 

 hnver levels. The two i-eniaining species of Lijcaini have recently been pui'- 



'*" Deilephilri sinarnffditi-s. '''^ Si)liiii!/i<l(r. ^" Si)lnii.v coti rohuili. ''^ Pai)ilii)>iia. ^* yi/iiiphaliJir. 



^^ Vanessa tamiiifdiiifa. ■'*« Tk/m'.vav; atlanta. ^~ Anosia erippiis. '*" Lyc(Vtiid(V. 



^" Lyra'na blackburni. *" Lycwna ha-tira. 



