THE ANIMAL LIFE OF THE GROUP. 425 



are common in the oiien country on the lowlands. Still another species ^-^ is 

 found in the forest and deep valleys and has doubtless long been a i-esident of 

 the islands. 



The three genera^-- above mentioned are strong tliers and liable lo luive 

 been natural immigrants at a less remote time. The nymphs feed voraciously 

 on the larva- of mosquitoes, and ai-e of value in the struggle to keep them 

 under control. 



The small common white ant,^^-^ found about buildings, w;is doubtless 

 introduced. This species and the peculiar Hawaiian species'-^ found in the 

 native forests are, so far, the only representatives of the white ant family i-"' 

 in the islands. But as indicated in a previous chapter, they do much damage. 



Quite recently two species belonging to the ant-lion family^-" have been 

 found in the islands. One of the species i-' occurs on Oahu; the other, and 

 by far the more common, on Hawaii. 



The remaining families ^-"^ are so small as to hardly attract attention at 

 all, though the Psocids, or "book-lice," are represented by twenty-five or 

 more species, and the list of species could easily be extended by further s^'ste- 

 matic study. 



The True Bugs. 



The order Hemiptera includes many well-known insects with mouth parts 

 fitted for sucking the juices from fresh vegetation and blood from animals. 

 They are well represented by the true bugs, plant-lice, scale insects, aphids 

 and a number of allied families. 



^Ir. G. W. Kirkaldy, who devoted much time to the portion of the Hawaiian 

 fauna belonging to this order, estimated that there were at least five hundred 

 endemic, migrant and introduced species in the islands, of whicli uumbei- about 

 three hundred and sixty Avere peculiar to the group. 



As a rule they are represented by small and, in many cases, by rar(^ and 

 inconspicuous species, but as many are well-known ])ests, the families of great 

 economic importance have been studied by entomologists. As the more im- 

 portant economic species in the various families have been dealt with in 

 another connection, it only remains to mention a few representative examples 

 distributed among the eighteen families recorded from the group, ami to uote 

 that but twelve of these families have species belonging to the endemic oi- 

 native fauna. 



In the STd)-order, including the Inu' bugs.^-"' Ilu' fii'st ])air of wings are 

 thickened at the base, ending with thinner extremities that overlaji on the 

 back. In this division are found insects that live on the land, in llu' water, 

 and on the surface of the water in nuirshy places. 



Of the laud species, two re])i"esenta1iv(^s of the chinch-buL;' family '•'" are 



'^-^ SympetriiDi hl(ickb>n}u. ^--Aiia.c. Trann-d ;)ud l'(nif<itii. ^-^ Calotermes margitiipeirnix. 

 ^^* Calotermex ciisfaiiciis. '^"" Tcniiilidn'. ^-'^ ^f!/r^l><'U'onilla^. ^'-' Formirah'o perjiirus. 

 ^-'^ Psocidce and E)iibiidic. ^-'> Heteroptera. ^■^'> Li/!/a'id(v. 



28 



