THE AXLMAL LIFp] OF TTTE OROi:P. 429 



Two species of i)i'aying' inanles,"'- or inulc-killers. bt'l()ii<4iiig- to two tlif- 

 ferent g'enera, have been introduced. One, the Australian mantis, ''•■* occurs 

 on Kauai; the other, known as the Chinese praying'-niaiilis."'' on Hawaii, where 

 it was first taken in 1900. These curious-looking insects, with pious faces and 

 front legs clasped meekly together, ai"e not so i)ious as tlu-y a|)pear. They are 

 insect feeders with a desire for food that is seldom satisfied. The\- arc harm- 

 less to man and beast, though the cvu'ious form of theii- body gives them a 

 formidable and menacing appearance. 



The short-horned grasshoppers^"'"' or locusts are now i-epi-esented by two 

 or three introduced species. In these the antenme are shorter than the body, 

 and the ovipositer of the female is made up of four short separate parts. 



The green species with the long, sloping head, suggesting a dunce-cap, 

 which is known as the Australian grasshoppei'.^*'" Avas accidentally introduced 

 from that country about 1887 and has since become conunon on Oahu and 

 Kauai, and ])erhaps other islands. A more typical species with a s(iuare 

 head^'''' Avas introduced probably from Australia also, and has since become 

 quite conunon al)out Honolulu. 



The long-honu^d green hoppei's "■'' always attract attention b\" reason of 

 the extreme delicacy and great length of their antenmv, which always exceeds 

 the body in length. 



The common meadow grasshopper i''-' is well established all over the 

 islands in open pasture land and on mountainsides, and serves as a common 

 type of a group of insects represented by at least thirteen species and fonr 

 genera. Tavo of the genera — the one mentioned above and one with a sinule 

 species,^'" also common on the {)lains. about rice fields, and the low<'r moun- 

 tains — are introduced. The otlier two genera, one a\ ith ten species'"' an:l one 

 with a single species,^ '- are endemic. As the single large, green native species, 

 belonging to the last genus, has only been secured from Olaa, any rare green 

 or brown grasshoppers, with long antenna-, taken elseAvhei'e in the mountains 

 of the group can with safety be referi-ed to the larger genus by the novice. 



The crickets i^-' all differ from both the long-lioi-ned and the shoi-f-hoi'iied 

 grasshoppers in having the wing covei-s flat above and bent shai'|)l\- down at 

 the edge of the body, suggesting the lid of a box, instead of meeting in a ridge 

 above the body like a roof. As a rule, the males have a very different appeai-- 

 ance fi-om tlie females — a difference so marked that in one instance the sexes 

 w<'re placed in separate genera. There are in Hawaii aboul foiiy species of 

 crickets belonging to ten genera. Of that nunibei-, three dozen oi' more are 

 recognized as peculiar to HaAvaii. and foi' the most part conline theii' i'an<:'e to 

 the native forests on the diffei'cnt islands. Sixteen of the native species ai-e 

 placed in a single geiuis Avith a l)i-own mountain cricket ''' as the most widely- 

 distri])uted, a])nndanf and casily-caiilni'ed species. They ai'e fond of the wet 



1"- Mantoidea. ^"^ Oi-thiidi-i-n iir"xiiiii. i"* Teiwdera siin'uxis. i"" Acridindea. 

 ^"'^ Atrartoniorphn cri'iirticfjis. ^"' Oxi/a rrlo.r. ^<^>* Locii.stnid,-a. ^"« Xii>hidiiim ron>f lux-. 



^'" FliiiKvn (iii/ii'ndiriihitn. ^'^ Bidclii/iitrtupa. ^'- Conocephatuidi'n liairaii'iisis. ^'-Hl ri/lltniea. 

 174 I'(iratri[i<>nkUinu iiin-ificinn. 



