THE ANLMAL LIFE OF TILE (iROFP. 4.v 



the result tluit he soon published ;i coiisidci-jihlc jiiiKUiiit ol' valiiahh' data 

 based on Hawaiian hind shells, the objeet of which was to show that isolation, 

 segregation and variation were exceedingly important and until then almost 

 neglected factors in the theories advanced in efforts to <'xp|;iiii ihc formation 

 of natural species. 



In the study of so small and apparently uninipoi-lant a subject as a land 

 snail, Dr. Gulick's philosophic mind found abundant material for the elucida- 

 tion of such profound subjects as the variation of species as related to tlieii' 

 geographical disti-ibution illustrated by the A(h(tU)i(lli<Ja' (1872) ; diversity of 

 evolution under one set of external conditions; divergent evolution thi-ough 

 cumulative segregation; intensive segregation; divergent evolution and llie 

 Darwinian theory; the inconsistencies of utilitarianism as the exclusive theoiy 

 of evolution, and lastly the preservation and accumulation of cross-infertility 

 (1890-97). All of these were contributions to knoAvledge of the most far- 

 reaching significance. 



Important Families Represented. 



Scarcely less in numerical importance when compared w'ith the genus 

 Acliatinella are the one hundred and fifteen or more species of the genus 

 Amastra, representatives of which are distributed over all the large islands 

 of the group. The Leptachati)ia, with an equally extended list of species, is 

 likewnse distributed; and so the enumeration could be extended, but it is not 

 the intention in this place to attempt more than to encourage the beginner to 

 enter this fascinating field of study, where so much has already been accoiii- 

 plished and where yet so much remains to be done befoi-e this i-emaikably I'icli 

 and varied fauna will be completely understood. 



In the gathering of these "jewels of the forest" the collector will find 

 many forms occupying a great variety of habitats, so that bushes, grass, ti-ees 

 ^^ including their leaves, trunks and limbs), the ground, tlead leaves, the rocks 

 in the streams, the streams themselves — in short, almost every coiu'eivable 

 place, but particularly the moist regions of the mountains — is liable to have its 

 shell inhabitant. The great majority of those species found on llie gi-oinid. 

 however, are more lial)le to belong to some of the foui-teeii families othei- tlian 

 the AcluiiineUidce, but they will not l)e found entirely devoid of interest for 



DESCRII'TION' of I'l.ATK. 



1, 2, 3. Chinese Snail {J'iripdnis clinicnsi.s). 4, 5. Mclmiia (Mclania mamensis). (i. 7. 

 Melania mdidrnsis (Badly eroded). S, 9, 10, 11. Mdaiim luucomhii. VI. Xeritina icsi>cr- 

 tina. 13. Neritina cario'sa. 14. Pijiipi (Nerita iiicca) on rocks at low tide. 15. Opercu- 

 lum from Vjviparus cMnensis. 16. Limmea (Limnmi oahuensis). 17. Slirimji fOpae] (Ma- 

 crobrachium pr audi man us). IS. Dragon Fly [Pinauj nymph (Introduced). 10. Brackish 

 water Crab (Mctocjnip.su.s nu.'^sor). 20. Native Dragon l"ly | Pinauj nympli. 21. Siirimji 

 {Alacrobrachium (/randimanu.'i) . 22. Water Beetles (II !iilrt>bim .<iemict/li)u1ricu.^). 23. Li.n- 

 nspa (Lunnaa binomhiis) . 24. Fresh water Clam {Spharinm .sp.). 2.1. Water Beetles 

 (Ehanthus pacificus). 26. Sowdiug (PorccUio .scabcr). 27. Waterboatmau (Arctocorisa 

 bhiclbiinii) . 



