THE ANIiMAL LIFE OF THE GROUP. 497 



phylum including the starfish, sea-urchins and sea-cucumbers. A dozen species 

 of this class -"' of animals, often known as feather-stars, or when fossilized as 

 stone-lilies, were collected by the Albatross. Tliey were placed in eight genera 

 assigned to four families of the non-stalked forms. In the hands of T)i-. A. II. 

 Clark, the American authority on the crinoids, they all proved to l)e species 

 heretofore unknown. Although it is thought that the collection secured repre- 

 sents only a small portion of the entire crinoid fauna of the islands, it should 

 be remembered that all of the species were collected fi'oni water more tluin a 

 hundred fathoms deep. The lower range of their distribution about the 

 group, for want of fuller knowledge, is placed at about tlic one-thousand- 

 fathom line. Although the species are peculiar to Hawaii, tliey all belong to 

 wide-ranging genera. 



Sea-Worms. 



The great group of worm-like creatures is at best not an especially attrac- 

 tive one to collectors of animals, and the general natui'alist is very liable to 

 pass them by without much attention. Yet there is such a variety of marine 

 forms that make their home on or in the living and dead coi-al, and in the sand 

 and mud along the shore, that they are at least worthy of passing notice. 



Of the various groups of flat-worms, a division ■'" collectively termed Pla- 

 uarians is well represented. As they are very curious in i'oi'iii. 1)eing broad 

 and flat, they are usually sufficiently out of the ordinary to attract attention 

 when seen gliding from the under side of some object picked up on the reef. 

 Many of them are brilliantly colored and have an easy, graceful gliding 

 motion, enabling them to move smoothly over the surface of shells, seaweeds 

 or stones. 



The Nemertinea have a superficial resemblance to the flat-worms. They 

 may be recognized by their soft, extensile bodies and their long thread-like 

 proboscis, an organ which can be completely withdrawn within the animal. 

 They are often conspicuously colored and of varying form; some are fracrile. 

 others are very slender and of great length. 



By far the most important group on the reef, hoAvever, is that which 

 includes the bristle-worms ^^ and their allies, all members of the phylum.-"^- 

 including the common earthworm, the leeches and similar forms. They can 

 be placed in the phylum Avithout much difficulty by the fact that the body is 

 divided into numerous similar parts called segments. 



They occur in various places, some living in canals in tli(> dead eoi-;d rock. 



^» Crinoidea. ^° Turbellaria. ^^ Tohjcha'ta. "^Annelida. 



* 



(Description of Plate Continued front Opposite Page.) 



Tna keokeo (Fchiiwmetra sp.). 6. Aboral viinv of tlic slioll or tost of Fehinomctra. 7. Oral 

 view of the same. 8. Rough Roek Urcliin [ llaiikeuk(> | (Ax/c/'/iom pedifcra). 9. Oral view 

 of the same. 10. Iiia liilii (Echinometra sp.). H. Crab (Simororciuus sp.). 12. ytarfisli 

 (not HaAvaiian). 13. Oral view of the same. 14. Ann of a Starfish [Pea] (Lin./id /m/s''"''- ). 

 15. Same as No. 14. 16. Sea-cucumber [Loli]. 1..1S. Brittle Starfish (P/iiorma sjp.). ll*. 

 Sand Crab (Ocypode ceraiophthalma) . 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. Sea-cucumbers [Loli]. 



