ixm^x. 



583 



Eubhor, 281 



Assam, 283 



Hawaiian, 283 



Ilevea, 283 



India, 245 



Introduftion of, 281 



Para, 283 



]iro(iu<'iiij:, KujiViorbia, 283 



(iroduciiig trees, 283 

 Eunners (Fish), 365 



Lon<:- distanoe, 83 

 Rush=Hullrush, 198 

 Eush Club, 198 

 Eusset oranges, c-aiise of, 265 

 Eove beetles, 41(), 417 



Sacred banian, 240 



kamani grove (Halawa), 140 



Sacrifice, Human. While sacrifice was an im- 

 portant part of formal worship in old Ha- 

 waii, human sacrifices were offered only on 

 special occasions. It was, however, the su- 

 preme act of ancient worship in the import- 

 ant heiaus of the highest class. Such occa- 

 sions as the launching of a war-canoe, the 

 building of a house for a chief, the sickness 

 of a king or queen, the securing of a new 

 idol, or the burial of a chief, called for a 

 human offering to the appropriate gods. The 

 victims were always males and were either 

 taken in war or persons rightly or wrongly 

 accused of violating some of the innumerable 

 tabus. The mode of securing the victim 

 was usually by secret assault, commonly by 

 a blow with a dub. though other methods 

 were employed. The Mu was the person 

 whose duty it was to secure the required 

 sacrifice. The dead body of the person so 

 slain was dragged to the heiau and laid on 

 the altar [lele] for sacrifice, together with 

 hogs, dogs and other offerings — there to 

 putrify. It is stated that as many as 

 eighty" persons were sometimes immolated at 

 once." 



The last human sacrifice in the islands oc- 

 curred in 1807. Queen Keopuolani was 

 then dangerously ill. The priest asserted that 

 her illness was caused by the gods who were 

 offended by certain men eating tabu cocoa- 

 nuts. Eight men were at once seized by 

 the king's orders and offered in the heiau 

 that then stood at the foot of Diamond Head. 



Sacrifice to Pele. The goddess of volcanoes 

 was much feared on Hawaii. When an 

 eruption took place at Kilauea it was the 

 custom to make oft'erings to her of hogs, etc., 

 which were thrown into the liquid lava. 

 Devout persons sometimes gave the liodies of 

 their relatives to Pele by throwing them into 

 Kilauea that they might .join the volcanic 

 deities and in this way befriend the family. 

 The ohelo berries were the iisiial offering to 

 Pele. 



Sa<blle oysters, 444 



Sadleria {sec I'alahola) 



Sago palm, 237 



Sailing vessels, Fishing from, 344 



Sahiugoi-c cane, 273 



Salfemane {■•«(■ Hawaiian iginM)iis i-oclis) 



Salnion, o~S 



Salt, 129 



Effect of on cane, 271 



from Salt Lake, 74 



hake crater, 115, 132 



Lake crater, Age of, 124 



manufacture, 73 



marsh beetles, 418 

 Samang, 242 



Sanctuaries, Hawaiian, 51 

 Sandalwood, 217 



Hastard, 210, 222, 226 



Bastard (ficc Aaka, also Naio) 



F.ea(di fllialiil, 192, 199 



damaged by goats, 221 



Discovery of, 219 



Odor of,"221 



Eed, 203 



roots of used, 221 



uses of, 219 

 Sand beach, 218 

 Sand, Black, 117 



Building, 129 



-burr, 2S7 



crab, 496 



concretions at Diamond lleail, 131 



dunes on Maui, 139 



dunes on Oahu, 122, 131 



grass, 90 



hills. How formed, 90 



hop])ers, 409, 468 



island, A'iew on a (Laysan), 294 



island, N'egetation on a, 90 



Olivine, 129 



Sand pear (Pi/rus Sinense Lindl.) bears an apple- 

 like fruit. 2 inches in diameter, with a sandy, 

 tough, flesh, which has a very fine flavor 

 when baked. 'i'his ornamental tree is char- 

 acterized by dark green. ai)i)le-shaped leaves, 

 pointed at the tip, edged with fine teeth : 

 the flowers are large and wliite. Although 

 not common in the islands, the sand pear is 

 well established. 



Sand root casts, 118 

 Sanderling, 321, 324 

 Standstone, 129 



aeolian, 140 



boulder, Erosion of, 136 



eroded by sea waves, 142 



Laminated, 140 



cliffs at Moomunii. 140 

 Sandwich Islan<ls, Position of (see Ha- 

 waiian Islands), 100 

 San Francisco, Distance to, 101 



Eoute from to islands, 100 

 Sajiodilla, 266 

 Sapota pear, 2(i<i 

 Sargassum s]i, (fig. 15), 498 

 Sassafras, 262 

 Sausage-li!<e loots of lotus, 285 



-shajied animals (Loli|, 491 



Sausage tree (Kii/elia iiiimata) is a curiosity 

 wherever grown. It is a large tree wilh 

 whitish bark iind spreading branches, coming 

 originally from Afri<-a. Tlie fruit, rough and 

 green in color, is sometimes two feet in 

 length and hangs from a long stalk. It has 

 a corky rind, filli'd wilh i)uli> and nniucrous 

 rounded seeds. In Nubia this tree is held 

 sacred, and religious festivals are <-ondvuled 

 under it l>y moonlight. A few trees, doubt- 

 less i'. loduced by Dr. Hillebrand. may be 

 seen in old gardens: a fine specimen is in 

 the g' "Ur.ds at the Queen's Hospital in 

 Honolulu. 



Savaii, center of disjiersal, 



.Mi 



