THE DUNES AND THEIR PLANTS 



127 



The pines among the evergreens bear their needles in clusters, 

 the jack pine having two short needles in each group, the white 

 pine five long ones. The arbor vitae (Fig. 92) has scalelike, 

 diminutive leaves that overlap. The twig is flat and fanlike. 

 The red cedar is a juniper. All the junipers have very sharp 

 needles, rather irregularly borne on the twig. The red cedar 

 (Fig. 90) is tall, plumelike, growing to be a good-sized tree, 

 though usually not large in the dunes. The needles are quite 



Fig. ioi. — Star flower, Trientalis americana (center foreground) and false 

 lily-of-the-valley, Maianthemum canadense, in pine zone at the Dunes. 



small, crowded in pairs, each one opposite its mate. The 

 common juniper (Fig. 90) is a spreading shrub, while the 

 prostrate juniper (Fig. 69) lies close to the ground, a straggling 

 shrub. The former has the leaves in threes, whorled on the 

 stem, the latter has them in pairs opposite each other. The 

 bearberry or kinnikinnick (Fig. 91) is a sprawling shrub that 

 grows often in great masses. The oblong leaves are leathery 

 and lustrous green the year round. The flowers are little pink, 

 pendant urns, the fruit a red berry with seeds that occupy most 



