2 70 A NATURALIST LY THE GREAT LAKES REGION 



Fig. 412. — The spotted sandpiper. 

 Forbush. 



After 



The steep soil slopes that He at the base of the rocky cliffs 



bear a forest of black, red, and white oaks, with chokecherry,hop 



tree, water beech, hop hornbeam — forms which are characteristic 



of such slopes. Witch- 

 hazel is the predominant 

 shrub. The ground is 

 covered with large areas of 

 the cinnamon fern and, 

 lower down, the inter- 

 rupted fern. 



There is an abundant 

 bird population in these 

 wooded slopes. Wood 

 thrush, hermit thrush, Wil- 

 son 's thrush, the ovenbird, 

 indigo bunting, cardinal, 

 black-billed cuckoo, crested 

 flycatcher, and Baltimore 



oriole are among the commonest inhabitants. Chickadees nest 



in the old woodpecker holes. 



On these moist slopes snails are particularly abundant. 



Practically all the Polygyras of the Chicago area are found here. 



P. alholahris and clausa, fra- 



terna, fraudulent a, hirsuta, 



inflecta, monodon, midtilineata, 



oppressa, pall lata, pennsylvanica, 



tliyroides, Pyramidida alternata, 



solitaria, perspectiva; Omphalina 



fuliginosa, friahilis; Circinaria 



concava; Zonitoides arhoreus — 



these are all present. In the early morning after a shower or 



after a heavy dew the ground and the low vegetation is fairly 



ahve with these numerous species. They are common in the 



river bottom also, and are found crawling on the paths and 



roadways (Figs. 284, 285). 



Fig. 413. — Long-bodied spider, 

 Tctragnatha labor iosa. 



