328 A NATURALIST IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION 



Trees — Continued 



Miihlenbergii, cinquapin or chest- 

 nut oak, 132, 137, 139 

 paliistris, pin or swamp oak, 139 

 rubra, red oak, 137, 138, 139 

 velutina, black oak, 132, 137, 139, 

 264 

 — Salix: 



longifolia, 272 

 luctda, shiny willow, 183 

 nigra, 272 

 — Sassafras variifolium, 131, 132 

 — Thuja occidentalis, arbor vitae, 124, 



126, i2y 

 — Tilia americana, linden or basswood, 



137, 138, 221, 274 

 — Uhniis: 



a wmcawa, white elm, 138, 203, 205, 



272 

 fulva, red or slippery elm, 137, 203, 

 272 

 Trillium, Trillium gra^idifloriim; T. re- 



curvatum 

 Turtle, see Reptilia 



Unglaciated region, 60 

 Upheaval of rock beds, 17, 18 



Valley: drowned, 18; formation, 4, 5, 



7, 8, 9- 

 Valley trains, 20, 64, 66, 67, 87 



Vines: 



— Celastrus scandens, bittersweet, 122, 



124, 130, 131, 274 

 — Lonicera Sullivantii, honeysuckle, 274 

 — Menispermiim canadense, moonseed, 



273,274 

 — Psedera quinqucfolia, woodbine, 124, 



130, 274 



— Rhus Toxicodendron, poison ivy, 124, 



131, 132, 274 



— Smilax hispida, 272, 273 



— Vitis: 



aestivalis, summer grape, 130, 131 

 cordifolia, frost grape, 130, 131 

 mdpinus, river-bank grape, 130, 

 131, 274 



Violet : 



— Arrow-leaved, Viola sagitlata 

 — Birdfoot, V. pedata 



— Canada, V. canadensis 



— Dogtooth, Erythronium americanum 



— Long-spurred, V. rostrata 



— White, V. blanda 



— Wood, V. palmata 



Virginia creeper, see Vines 



Volcanoes, 18 



Warren's Woods, 205 



Water as a factor in plant and animal 

 distribution, 95 



Water boatman, see Hemiptera 



Water breathers, loi, 102 



Water buttercup, Ranunculus aqua- 

 tilis 



Waterleaf, Hydrophyllum virginianum 



Water lily : 



— Yellow, Nymphaea advena 

 — White, Castalia tuber os a 



Water mite, Limnochares aqualicus., 



175 

 Water penny, Psphenus lecontei, 287, 



288 



Water scavenger, 187 



Water scorpion, see Hemiptera 



Water shield, Brasenia Schreberi 



Water sowbug, Asellus 



Water tiger, 186 



Wave action, 2, 3, 27 



Waves, force of, 3 



Weathering, 27 



Weevil, see Coleoptera 



White ants, 152 



Wild ginger, Asarum canadense 



Willow Springs, 13, 36, 64 



Wind, erosion agent, 13 



Wintergreen, see Checkerberry 



Wisconsin Glacial Period, 57, 63, 79 



Wormwood, Artemisia caudata 



Xerophyte, g6 

 Xerophytic adaptations, 98 



Zonation of life, 90 



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