12 FKINGILLID,E. 



Distribution in the British Islands. Resident, locally dis- 

 tributed in England, Wales, and the south of Scotland from 

 Dumfriesshire and Berwickshire northwards to Fife. As a 

 Straggler it has occurred as far north as the Shetlands, and 

 it is a rare visitor to Ireland. 



General Distribution. The Hawfinch breeds throughout 

 Europe, ranging to southern Scandinavia and St. Petersburg, 

 and becoming more uncommon as it advances northwards. 

 It also inhabits Asia Minor, northern Persia, and apparently 

 extends as far east as west Siberia, but the exact boundary 

 of its range and that of C. c. japonicus in eastern Asia has 

 not yet been ascertained, and the two may intergrade. 

 Allied forms have been described from Sardinia, north-west 

 Africa, north-western Punjab, Afghanistan, and Turkestan. 



Genus CARDUELIS Brisson, Orn. iii. 1760, p. 53. 

 Type : C. carduelis (Linn.). 



Carduelis = a thistle bird, in Pliny, H. N. x. 42 ; from cardtnis = a thistle. 



Carduells Carduelis. CONTINENTAL GOLDFINCH. 

 Fringilla carduelis Linnceus, Syst. Nat. 1758, p. 180 : 



Sweden. 



Carduelis carduelis (Linn.) ; Sha-rpe, Cat. Birch _B. M. xii. 1888, 

 p. 185 (part.). 



Distribution in the British Islands. The Goldfinches which 

 occur on migration on the east coast of England and those 

 which have been rarely recorded from the northern and 

 western Islands of Scotland probably belong to this, the 

 typical race. There are examples of what appear to be the 

 Continental race, taken in the Orkneys and in Somersetshire, 

 in the British Museum. 



General Distribution. The typical form of the Goldfinch 

 breeds throughout the greater part of Europe from Scandi- 

 navia and Russia to the Mediterranean. Closely allied races 

 inhabit Spain, north Africa, some of the Atlantic and 

 Mediterranean Islands, and western Asia ; also the Bermudas, 

 where it was originally introduced. 



