24 



almost every country in Europe. It winters in India, China, 

 and Burma. An allied form has been described from Kam- 

 chatka, and another from the mountains of central Asia, the 

 Himalaya, and the Caucasus. 



Genus PINICOLA rieillot, Ois. Am. Sept. i. 1807, p. iv, 



pi. 1. fig. 13. 



Type : P. enucleator (Linn.). 

 Pinicola, from pinua=& pine-tree and colere=to inhabit. 



Pinicola enucleator. PINE-GROSBEAK. 



Loxia enucleator Linnams, Syst. Nat. 1758, p. 171 : 

 Sweden. 



Pinicola enucleator (Linn.) ; B. O. U. List, 1st ed. 1883, p. 56 ; 



Skarpe, Cat. Birds B. IT. xii. 1888, p. 459. 

 Pyrrhula enucleator (Linn.) ; Saunders, Manual, 2nd ed. 1899, 



p. 199. 



Enucleator, from e~nucleo=I take out the kernel, nucleus. 

 Distribution in the British Islands. A Rare Visitor. There 

 are numerous records datin'g back for many years, most of 

 which are doubtful. It is known to have occurred in Radnor- 

 shire, Nottinghamshire, Sussex, and Kent in recent years. 



General Distribution. The typical Pine-Grosbeak nests 

 in the coniferous and sometimes in the birch woods of 

 northern Scandinavia, northern Russia, and Siberia. In 

 winter it is found farther to the south, occurring pretty 

 regularly in north-east Germany, and occasionally as far 

 south as Italy. Closely allied forms have been recognised 

 in eastern Siberia, Kamchatka, and North America. 



Genus LOXIA Linnceus, Syst. Nat. 1758, p. 171. 

 Type : L. curcirostra Linn. 

 Loxia from Xo4'os = crosswise, a mediaeval name. 



