EMBERIZA. 27 



General Distribution. The Corn-Bunting breeds from 

 southern Sweden, throughout Europe, to Africa north of 

 the Sahara, Egypt, Turkestan, Persia, Palestine, and Asia 

 Minor. A migrant in the northern part of its range, 

 occurring in winter in Nubia, Arabia, and the Persian 

 Gulf. The birds from west Siberia, Corsica, and the Canary 

 Islands have been considered distinct. 



Emberiza citrinella. YELLO\V HAMMER. 



Emberiza citrinella Linwrn$, Syst. Nut. 1758, p. 177 : 

 Sweden. 



Emberiza citrinella Linn.; B. O. U. List, 1st ed. 1883, p. 60; 

 Sharpe, Cat. Birds B. M. xii. 1888, p. 515; Saunders, 

 Manual, 2nd ed. 1899, p. 209. 



Citrinella, diminutive of citrinus, for which see Serinus, p. 14. 



Distribution in the British Islands. Resident. Common in 

 the British Isles, including the Orkneys. Local in the Outer 

 Hebrides. Also a. Winter Visitor from northern Europe, 

 and observed on its autumn and spring passages in the 

 Shetland Islands. 



General Distribution. The Yellow Hammer breeds from 

 about 70 N. latitude in Norway and northern Russia, east to 

 the Yenesei, and through Europe as far south as northern 

 Spain arid northern Italy. A migrant in the extreme 

 northern portion of its range, it appears occasionally in 

 winter in southern Spain and southern Italy and even 

 northern Africa. The forms found in Corsica, eastern Europe, 

 south-west Asia, and Siberia have been recognised as distinct. 



Emberiza leucocephala. PINE-BUNTING. 



Emberiza leucocephalos S. G. Gmelin, Nov. Comm. 

 Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. xv. 1771, p. 480, pi. 23. fig. 3 : 

 Astrakhan. 



Emberiza, leucocephala Gmelin ; Sharpe, Cat. Birds B. M. xii. 



1888, p. 549 ; Clarke, Scottish Nat. 1912, p. 8. 

 Leucocephala ~ white-headed, from XOVKOS and Kf.<ja\>}. 



