34 FRINGILLID^E. 



Calcarius lapponicus. LAPLAND BUNTING. 



Fringilla lapponica Linruws, Syst. Nat. 1758, p. 180 : 

 Sweden. 



Calcarius lapponicus (Linn.) ; B. O. U. List, 1st ed. 1883, p. 62 ; 

 Sharpe, Cat. Birds B. M. xii. 1888, p. 579; Sounders, 

 Manual, 2nd ed. 1899, p. 223. 

 Lappmiicus = of Lapland. 



Distribution in the British Islands. A Winter Visitor. 

 In Great Britain it is chiefly observed on or near the eastern 

 seaboard. On its passage-movements in the autumn it occurs 

 in the northern and western isles of Scotland, and is some- 

 times detected in spring. It has been met with three times 

 in Ireland, in cos. Dublin and Cork. 



General Distribution. The Lapland Bunting nests in 

 the arctic and sub-arctic portions of the Palsearctic and 

 Nearctic regions. In winter it occurs in western Europe as 

 far south as northern Italy and extends to about 30 north 

 latitude in Asia, and to the central United States. Distinct 

 races have been recognised in Kamchatka and in Alaska . 



Genus PLECTROPHENAX Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. 



Mus. v. 1882, p. 33. 

 Type : P. nivalis (Linn.). 



Plectrophenax=ir\tjKTpov, a spur, and q>eva%, an impostor. 



Plectrophenax nivalis. SNOW-BUNTING. 



Emberiza nivalis Linnceus, Syst. Nat. 17.58, p. 176 : 



Lapland. 



Plectrophanes nivalis (Linn.) ; B. O. U. List, 1st ed. 1883, p. 63. 

 Plectrophenax nivalis Sharpe, Cat. Birds B. M. xii. 1888, p. 572 ; 

 Sounders, Manual, 2nd ed. 1899, p. 225. 



Nivali8=.of the snow, from nix, gen. nivis=snow. 

 Distribution in the British Islands. Resident : its nesting- 

 haunts are confined to high elevations in the Highlands of 

 Scotland ; it has also bred in the Shetland Islands. Great 



