MOTACILLA. 41 



Africa, but a few remain to winter in western Germany. It 

 has occurred in the Azores, and is plentiful in the Canary 

 Islands and Madeira in winter. Other allied forms occur in 

 north-west Africa and in Asia. 



Motacilla lugubris. PIED WAGTAIL. 

 Motacilla lugubris Temminck, Man. d'Orn. 2nd ed. 



i. 1820, p. 253 : France. 



Motacilla lugubris Temm. ; B. O. U. List, 1st ed. 1883, p. 30 ; 

 SJiarpe, Cat. Birds B. H. x. 1885, p. 460; Saunders, 

 Manual, 2nd ed. 1899, p. 121. 

 Lugubris= mournful, from lugere=io mourn. 



Distribution in tlie British Islands. Resident, generally 

 distributed in Great Britain and Ireland ; numbers of our 

 native birds leave in the autumn to return in spring and are 

 Summer Visitors. It occurs on passage in the Shetlands and 

 occasionally in the Outer Hebrides. Probably some of the 

 birds which nest in south-western Norway winter in our 

 Islands. 



General Distribution. The Pied Wagtail breeds in small 

 numbers on the coasts of Holland and Belgium, and on the 

 north-west coast of France ; also, according to Collett, in 

 south-western Norway. On migration it is found in 

 Denmark and Heligoland. It winters in southern France, 

 Portugal, Spain, and Morocco. 



Motacilla boarula. GREY WAGTAIL. 



Motacilla boarula Scopoli, Annus i. Histor. Nat. 1769, 



p. 154 : Carniola. 



Motacilla inelanope Pallas B. O. U. List, 1st ed. 1883, p. 30 ; 

 Sharpe, Cat. Birds B. M. x. 1885, p. 497; Saunders, 

 Manual, 2nd ed. 1899, p. 125. 



Boarula, doubtless derived from Boarina, the Italian name for this bird 

 according to Scopoli. 



Distribution in the British Islands. Resident, nesting 

 chiefly on the streams of the higher ground in England, 

 Wales, and Ireland ; more generally in Scotland, including 



