RIPAUIA. DRYOBATES. 113 



Genus RIP ARIA Forster, Synop. ("at. Brit. Birds, 

 1817, p. 17. 



Type : R. riparia (Linn.). 



Bipdria = that frequents river-banks. 



Riparia riparia. SAND-MARTIN. 



Hirundo riparia Linnceus, Syst. Nat. 1-758, p. 192 : 

 Sweden. 



Cotile riparia (Linn.) ; B. 0. V. List, Isted. 1883, p. 44; Sharps, 

 Cat. Birds B. M. x. 1885, p. 96; Sounders, Manual, 2nd ed. 

 1899, p. 167. 



Distribution in tJie British Islands. A Summer Visitor 

 widely distributed over Great Britain and Ireland, but some- 

 what rare in the Outer Hebrides and the Orkneys and Shet- 

 lands. A Bird of Passage along our coasts in spring when 

 en route to its summer home in northern Europe, and in 

 autumn when returning to its African winter haunts. 



General Distribution. The Sand-Martin breeds through- 

 out Europe, from 70 N. latitude southwards ; also in 

 Algeria and Tunisia to Syria, Palestine, and Siberia, but its 

 limits in Asia are imperfectly known ; also in North America. 

 It winters in eastern and southern Africa, India, and South 

 America. Allied forms have been recognised in Siberia, 

 north-west India, Turkestan, and the Nile valley. 



Order PICIFORMES. 



Suborder PICI. 

 Family PICID^E, 



Genus DRYOBATES Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 977. 

 Type : D. pubescent (Linn.). 



Dryobates=one that goes on oaks from fyw=an oak, and paivu=I go, 



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