APPENDIX. 369 



the name of Pratincola torquata liibernans, but the Com- 

 mittee are unable to recognise the distinctness of the 

 English from the continental race. In addition, Hartert 

 considers the European and English races subspecies 

 of an allied South African bird, Pratincola torquata 

 (Linn.), as this latter is described some four pages 

 previously to Motacilla rubicola in the Syst. Nat. 



Genus (ENANTHE. As Bechstein's name Saxicola must be 

 used tor the Stonechats (see above under Saxicola), the 

 earliest generic name available for the Wheatears is 

 (Enanthe Vieillot (Analyse, 1816, p. 43), the type by 

 tautonymy being CEnaiitlie ccnanthe (Linn.). 



(Enanthe occidentalis and (E. stapazina. Some writers, in- 

 cluding Hartert, believe that the Black-throated and the 

 Black-eared Wheatears (Saxicola stapazina and S. aurita 

 of former authors) are dimorphisms of the same species. 

 At the same time, both Hartert and other recent authors 

 believe that two geographical races, an eastern and a 

 western, can be distinguished. The Committee, after 

 careful consideration, have come to the decision that 

 the Black-throated and Black-eared birds are distinct 

 and separate species. 



For the western race Hartert uses the name Mota- 

 cilla Idspanica of Linnaeus' 10th edition. This name is 

 based wholly on Edwards (Nat. Hist. B. p. 31, pi. 31), 

 where the two forms, the Black-eared and Black-throated, 

 are figured as male and female of the same species. If, 

 therefore, we regard these two as distinct, we cannot 

 use Linnaeus' name " Motacilla hispanica " for either. 

 Linnaeus, in his 12th edition, gives Motacilla stapazina, 

 and this, both from the description and from the first 

 reference, undoubtedly refers to the Black-eared bird 

 from Spain. 



Tb.6 oldest undoubted name for the western form of 

 the Black-throated Wheatear appears to be Saxicola 

 occidentalis Salvador! (1886). 



2B 



