8 LOLA 



be explained by the fact that dogs are, as a rule, more 

 continuously in the company of human beings, being 

 also due to their superior intelligence. Rolf's mode of 

 procedure consisted in a series of raps given with his 

 fore-paws, similar to those given by the horses with 

 their hoofs ; but Rolf used the same paw for both 

 decimals and units, so that we had from time to time 

 to inquire after every number rapped out ' Is it a 

 decimal or a unit ? ' Whereupon he would rap ' yes,' 

 or ' no ' as the case might be. The numbers were 

 then written down and the answers thus obtained. 



Rolf's feats of arithmetic, like those performed by 

 the horses, included finding the square root in the most 

 difficult problems ; yet it was in the matter of spelling 

 answers that he excelled. Indeed, he seemed to 

 command a particularly rich vocabulary, and applied 

 the same with the greatest accuracy and continuity, 

 even in long answers. These replies, when collected 

 in their proper sequence should provide us with a 

 wealth of insight into an animal's life of feeling. Such 

 a collection is already extant, but has not yet been 

 made public. 



Many of the dog's answers, as well as innumerable 

 debates about him have been published in the 

 " Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft fur Tierpsychologie " l 

 (" Communications of the Society for the Study of 

 Animal Psychology "), while others may be found in 

 the periodical " Animal Soul." 2 



Rolf has made frequent public appearances and 

 been subjected to tests of several hours' duration. 

 These have taken place both in the presence of his 

 kind and gifted mistress and teacher, and also quite 

 alone with his examiners. On every occasion of his 



1 Published by the committee through the agency of Professor 

 Ziegler. 



8 Published by Emil Eisell, in Bonn. 



